Carbonate mineral paragenesis and reaction kinetics in the system MgO–CaO–CO 2 –H 2 O in presence of chloride or nitrate ions at near surface ambient temperatures

Abstract

The reaction kinetics and solid phase products following the dissolution of Mg(OH)2 by CO2 sparging in the presence of calcium salts at 35°C, over a thirty day period have been studied.

Solubility of the hydrated Mg-carbonates nesquehonite and dypingite from 5 to 35 °C: Implications for CO2 storage and the relative stability of Mg-carbonates

“…, but has also been reported to have the formula (Raade, 1970;271 Canterford et al, 1984;Xiong and Lord, 2008;Hopkinson et al, 2012;Kristova et al, 2014). 272…”

“…Estimation of the CO 2 storage security of these approaches requires knowledge of the stability, solubility, and formation pathways of the carbonate mineral products that store the CO 2 . The relative stability and solubility of several Mg-carbonates has been investigated (Langmuir, 1965;Canterford et al, 1984;Königsberger et al, 1999;Zhang et al, 2006;Hopkinson et al, 2008Hopkinson et al, , 2012Hänchen et al, 2008;Xiong and Lord, 2008;Bénézeth et al, 2011;Xiong, 2011;Ballirano et al, 2013;Berninger et al, 2014;Kristova et al, 2014;Gautier et al, 2014). In general, the stability of Mg-carbonates increases from more to less hydrated phases, in the order: lansfordite < nesquehonite < dypingite < hydromagnesite < magnesite (Langmuir, 1965;Canterford et al, 1984).…”

“…However, observed mineral assemblages in the field and in laboratory experiments reveal that multiple hydrated magnesium carbonate phases often co-exist, with the more-hydrated phases 66 frequently acting as transient precursors to the more stable, less-hydrated phases (Davies and 67 Bubela, 1973;Hopkinson et al, 2008Hopkinson et al, , 2012Ballirano et al, 2013;Power 68 et al, 2014b;Harrison et al, 2015Harrison et al, , 2016. The multitude of potential metastable hydrated 69 phases complicates prediction of Mg-carbonate formation and thus the stability of the CO 2storing phase (Königsberger et al, 1999;Hopkinson et al, 2008Hopkinson et al, , 2012Hänchen et al, 2008;Montes-Hernandez et al, 2012;Kristova et al, 2014). To reduce some of the ambiguity in the prediction of Mg-carbonate mineral formation under various conditions, in this study we determine the solubility of nesquehonite [MgCO 3 •3H 2 O] and dypingite [Mg 5 (CO 3 ) 4 (OH) 2 •(5 or)8H 2 O], two commonly observed products of carbon mineralization in ultramafic materials (Wilson et al, 2006(Wilson et al, , 2011(Wilson et al, , 2014Boschi et al, 2009;Zhao et al, 2010;Pronost et al, 2011;Schaef et al, 2011;Bea et al, 2012;Loring et al, 2012;Montes-Hernandez et al, 2012;Assima et al, 2012Assima et al, , 2014cHövelmann et al, 2012;Felmy et al, 2012;Beinlich and Austrheim, 2012;Schaef et al, 2013;Harrison et al, 2013aHarrison et al, , 2015Harrison et al, , 2016Harrison et al, , 2017…”

“…The multitude of potential metastable hydrated 69 phases complicates prediction of Mg-carbonate formation and thus the stability of the CO 2storing phase (Königsberger et al, 1999;Hopkinson et al, 2008Hopkinson et al, , 2012Hänchen et al, 2008;Montes-Hernandez et al, 2012;Kristova et al, 2014). To reduce some of the ambiguity in the prediction of Mg-carbonate mineral formation under various conditions, in this study we determine the solubility of nesquehonite [MgCO 3 •3H 2 O] and dypingite [Mg 5 (CO 3 ) 4 (OH) 2 •(5 or)8H 2 O], two commonly observed products of carbon mineralization in ultramafic materials (Wilson et al, 2006(Wilson et al, , 2011(Wilson et al, , 2014Boschi et al, 2009;Zhao et al, 2010;Pronost et al, 2011;Schaef et al, 2011;Bea et al, 2012;Loring et al, 2012;Montes-Hernandez et al, 2012;Assima et al, 2012Assima et al, , 2014cHövelmann et al, 2012;Felmy et al, 2012;Beinlich and Austrheim, 2012;Schaef et al, 2013;Harrison et al, 2013aHarrison et al, , 2015Harrison et al, , 2016Harrison et al, , 2017Power et al, 2013aPower et al, , b, c, 2014bKristova et al, 2014;McCutcheon et al, 2016;Chaka et al, 2016;Garcia del Real et al, 2016;Highfield et al, 2016;Gras et al, 2017;McCutcheon et al, 2017), and the transformation process that converts nesquehonite to dypingite. Both nesquehonite and dypingite are readily formed during reaction of Mg-rich minerals with CO 2 at ambient te...…”

CO2 Absorption and Magnesium Carbonate Precipitation in MgCl2–NH3–NH4Cl Solutions: Implications for Carbon Capture and Storage

“…Yet, the reaction kinetics of CO 2 absorption and carbonate precipitation in Mg solutions remains insufficiently understood. Specifically, few studies have investigated the CO 2 mass transfer processes on the gas-liquid interface, or how precipitated minerals vary under elevated ammonium nitrogen concentrations apart from temperature, duration, and Mg/Ca ratio [36][37][38].…”