Carbonate Microfabrics Related to Subaerial Exposure and Paleosol Formation

Bain, Roger J.; Foos, Annabelle

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-9421-1_2

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The black pebbles of Subunit A-3 probably would have been derived from an emergent area nearby into a shallow-marine environment. Moreover, alveolar textures, which are shown to be formed by the penetration of terrestrial plant roots (Esteban and Klappa 1983;Bain and Foos 1993), are observed in Subunit A-3. These lines of evidence suggest that the limestone at least in Subunits A-2 and A-3 had become emergent and was subjected to subaerial exposure during an early diagenetic phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sequence boundary and related sedimentary and diagenetic facies formed on Middle Permian mid-oceanic carbonate platform: Core observation of Akiyoshi Limestone, Southwest Japan

Nakazawa

Ueno

2004

Facies

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Detailed core observation of the Akiyoshi Limestone, Southwest Japan, reveals a sequence boundary and related sedimentary and diagenetic facies formed on a late Murgabian (Middle Permian) mid-oceanic carbonate platform. The sequence boundary lies upon karstified bioclastic grainstone and is overlain by peritidal lime-and dolo-mudstone. The karstified bioclastic grainstone, which had been affected by subaerial exposure and early diagenetic processes, is characterized by crystal silts, prismatic, bladed and dogtooth cements, blackened limestone features, and alveolar textures. The overlying peritidal limeand dolo-mudstone is 8 m thick and exhibits fenestrae, fissures, laminations, black pebbles, and low-diversity biota composed exclusively of ostracodes and calcispherids. The sequence boundary almost coincides with a major fusulinoidean biostratigraphic boundary. A sea-level fall in the late Murgabian resulted in a biotic turnover and formed the sequence boundary and the karst textures. The following relatively slow transgression resulted in the deposition of the thick transgressive peritidal unit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sequence boundary and related sedimentary and diagenetic facies formed on Middle Permian mid-oceanic carbonate platform: Core observation of Akiyoshi Limestone, Southwest Japan

Nakazawa

Ueno

2004

Facies

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“…Petrographic features recognized in San Salvador soil stones and subaerial crusts include rhizoliths, pedotubules, alveolar textures, calcified root hairs, Microcodium, laminated micrite, clotted micrite, soil pisoids, circumgranular cracking, horizontal fractures, microbial borings, and iron-rich clay accumulations (Bain and Foos, 1993). Rhizoliths, pedotubules, alveolar textures, calcified root hairs, and Microcodium are all root-related features.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy, chemistry, and petrography of soils, surface crusts, and soil stones, San Salvador and Eleuthera, Bahamas

Foos¹,

Bain²

1995

Terrestrial and Shallow Marine Geology of the Bahamas and Bermuda

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There are three main types of soils in the Bahamas: sandy, organic, and lateritic soils. Sandy soils occur on unconsolidated carbonate sands and consist of unaltered carbonate minerals plus organic matter. Organic soils contain abundant organic material and lack mineral matter. They are most common on flat, rocky lands of the larger Bahamian islands. Lateritic soils are thin and discontinuous, and occur on lithified Pleistocene eolian and beach ridges. They have low SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratios and contain calcite, aragonite, hematite, goethite, hydroxy-interlayered clay (HIC), boehmite, and quartz. The following petrographic features were observed in pedogenically altered Pleistocene grainstones: rhizoliths, pedotubules, alveolar textures, calcified root hairs, Microcodium, laminated micrite, clotted micrite, soil pisoids, circumgranular cracking, horizontal fractures, microbial borings, and iron-rich clay accumulations. The characteristics of Bahamian soils result from a complex interaction of the five major soil-forming factors: climate, topography, vegetation, parent material and time.

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“…Relative accuracy of the analyses, based upon comparison between measured and published compositions of standard reference materials, is~1-2 % for oxide concentrations> 1 Alveolar texture (abundant void spaces separated by thin walled micrite) is observed at all depths and is interpreted to be the result of root activity (e.g. Bain and Foos 1993). Also observed at all depths are thicker-walled micritic regions with less abundant voids.…”

Section: Results Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Textural and compositional evidence for the evolution of pedogenic calcite and dolomite in a weathering profile on the Kohala Peninsula, Hawai’i

Whipkey

Hayob²

2008

Carbonates Evaporites

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Pedogenic dolomite and high magnesium calcite (HMC) occur as micritic matrix and void filling microspar in soils developed on semi-arid 350 Ka basalt surfaces on Hawai'i Island. The void filling carbonate presents an unusual appearance of alternating concentric < 5 urn to -30 um layers ofHMC and dolomite at shallow (100 cm) depths and similar layers that are exclusively dolomite between depths of 170 em and 350 em. Elevated Mg/Ca ratios in soil water, caused by rapid basalt weathering, likely provided geochemical conditions that permitted evaporative precipitation of magnesian carbonates. Variations in the amount of soil water, soil water chemistry, and/or crystallization rate probably controlled the precipitation of HMC vs. dolomite at 100 em, whereas increased residence time of soil water and more stable soil water chemistry below the 170 em depth led to the exclusive formation of dolomite.

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Carbonate Microfabrics Related to Subaerial Exposure and Paleosol Formation

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Sequence boundary and related sedimentary and diagenetic facies formed on Middle Permian mid-oceanic carbonate platform: Core observation of Akiyoshi Limestone, Southwest Japan

Sequence boundary and related sedimentary and diagenetic facies formed on Middle Permian mid-oceanic carbonate platform: Core observation of Akiyoshi Limestone, Southwest Japan

Mineralogy, chemistry, and petrography of soils, surface crusts, and soil stones, San Salvador and Eleuthera, Bahamas

Textural and compositional evidence for the evolution of pedogenic calcite and dolomite in a weathering profile on the Kohala Peninsula, Hawai’i

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