Carbonate-Hosted Pb-Zn Deposits of Turkey

Hanilçi, Nurullah; Öztürk, Hüseyin; Kasapçı, Cem

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02950-0_10

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Ceyhan [34] inferred that the primary mineralization consists of an Mississipi Valley Type (MVT) ore formed during the widespread circulation of hydrothermal fluids mobilized by Alpine-Himalayan compressive kinematics. Conversely, Reynolds and Large [35] and Hanilçi [36] considered the Hakkari ores to be a Sedimentary Exhalative (SEDEX)-or an Irish-type deposit, whose genesis can be related to the opening of the Tethys. The hypogene phases are sphalerite, pyrite and galena, accompanied by calcite, dolomite, barite, muscovite and quartz [21,22].…”

Section: The Hakkari Prospect (Turkey)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Ga can be concentrated in a range of hydrothermal ores, as volcanic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits, MVT and SEDEX, this element is particularly enriched in primary sulfides (i.e., sphalerite) in low-temperature systems where the role of magmatic fluids in supplying the metals is commonly negligible [69]. In the Hakkari deposit, though the nature of the primary mineralization is still in doubt, the occurrence of the As-Sb-Tl ( Hg) geochemical association points to a primary ore significantly different from a typical MVT, and more resembles a SEDEX-or CRD-type setting [21,36]. Therefore, the presence of relatively high Ga concentrations in goethite, rather than being explained by its abundance in the primary ore, can be ascribed to the existence of the optimal environmental conditions for its uptake in FeO/OH during the weathering stage.…”

Section: Hakkari Depositmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Genetic Processes on Geochemistry of Fe-oxy-hydroxides in Supergene Zn Non-Sulfide Deposits

et al. 2020

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In supergene Zn non-sulfide deposits, the Fe-oxy-hydroxides (FeO/OH) are mainly concentrated in the residual zones (gossan) on top of the oxidized ore bodies, although they can also be found throughout the whole weathering profile coexisting with the primary and secondary ore assemblages. Fe-oxy-hydroxides are rarely pure as they form in systems where a wide range of metals, most of them of economic importance (e.g., Zn, Pb, Co, REE, Sc, Ga, Ge, V, etc.), freely circulate and can be “captured” under specific conditions. Although their occurrence can be widespread, and they have a potential to scavenge and accumulate critical metals, FeO/OH are considered gangue phases during the existing processing routes of Zn non-sulfide ores. Moreover, very little is known about the role of the deposit type on the geochemistry of FeO/OH formed in a specific association. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the trace element footprint of FeO/OH from a number of Zn non-sulfide deposits, in order to define parameters controlling the metals’ enrichment process in the mineral phase. To achieve this, we selected FeO/OH-bearing mineralized samples from four supergene Zn non-sulfide ores in diverse settings, namely Hakkari (Turkey), Jabali (Yemen), Cristal (Peru) and Kabwe (Zambia). The petrography of FeO/OH was investigated by means of scanning electron microscope energy dispersive analysis (SEM-EDS), while the trace element composition was assessed using laser ablation-ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS). Statistical analyses performed on LA-ICP-MS data defined several interelement associations, which can be ascribed to the different nature of the studied deposits, the dominant ore-formation process and subsequent evolution of the deposits and the environmental conditions under which FeO/OH phases were formed. Based on our results, the main new inferences are: (A) Zinc, Si, Pb, Ga and Ge enrichment in FeO/OH is favored in ores where the direct replacement of sulfides is the dominant process and/or where the pyrite is abundant (e.g., Cristal and Hakkari). (B) When the dissolution of the host-rock is a key process during the supergene ore formation (i.e., Jabali), the buffering toward basic pH of the solutions favors the uptake in FeO/OH of elements leached from the host carbonate rock (i.e., Mn), whilst restricting the uptake of elements derived from the dissolution of sulfides (i.e., Zn, Pb, Ga and Ge), as well as silica. (C) The input of exotic phases can produce significant enrichment in “unconventional” metals in FeO/OH (i.e., Cr and Co at Kabwe; Y at Cristal) depending on whether the optimal pH-Eh conditions are attained. (D) In the Kabwe deposit, FeO/OH records heterogeneous geochemical conditions within the system: where locally basic conditions prevailed during the alteration process, the V and U concentration in FeO/OH is favored; yet conversely, more acidic weathering produced Zn- and Si-bearing FeO/OH.

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Section: The Hakkari Prospect (Turkey)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hakkari Depositmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Genetic Processes on Geochemistry of Fe-oxy-hydroxides in Supergene Zn Non-Sulfide Deposits

et al. 2020

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“…Cevher parajenezi barit, galenit, sfalerit, kalkopirit, florit ve kovellit şeklindedir. Cevher zonundan alınan örneklerin jeokimyasal analizinde Pb maksimum [7] reported that MVT and SEDEX Type Pb-Zn deposits were associated with carbonated rocks along the Taurus belt. On Eastern Taurus Orogenic belt ( Figure 1a) the study area (Helete-Kahramanmaraş), where bariteed lead-zinc enrichment associated with carbonate rocks is observed in the Malatya metamorphics, is located on Engizek Belt (Figure 1b).…”

Section: öZmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These deposits are generally present in paragenesis with barite in fluorites [8]. Hanilçi et al [7] reported that the Pb-Zn formation associated with carbonated rocks in the eastern and central Taurus orogenic belt presents similar geological features to MVT deposits. The geological and geochemical features of the Helete mineralization, which has a similar formation to the Pb-Zn deposits observed along the Taurus Orogenic belt, were firstly introduced in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology and Geochemistry of Carbonate Hosted Pb-Zn Deposit on North-east Part of Kahramanmaraş (Helete) in Engizek Belt

Uras

Yalçın

Balaban

2019

Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi

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The aim of this study is to reveal the geological and geochemical properties of Pb-Zn mineralizations associated with carbonate rocks along the Helete (Kahramanmaraş) district in Taurus Orogenic belt. The Paleozoic Malatya metamorphics and Eocene sedimentary rocks are present in the Helete region within the area defined as Engizek Belt (North of Kahramanmaraş) in the Eastern Taurus Orogenic belt. In the Gümüşbanı region, there are bariteed Pb-Zn mineralizations in the Paleozoic Malatya metamorphic rocks. Epigenetic mineralization observed in fractures and cracks is vein-type and disseminated. The thickness of the veins varies between 1 cm and 10 cm. The ore paragenesis contains barite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, fluorite and covellite. In geochemical analysis of samples taken from ore zone, Pb reaches maximum 50.21%, Zn maximum 51.99% and BaO 52.13%. In geochemical analysis, the ore zone has a maximum of 50.21% Pb and Zn a maximum of 51.99%. In the isotope geochemistry study, the value of δ 34 S was determined between 10.92 and 11.24‰. As a result of the field and laboratory studies, it was determined that the mineralization was limited to the fractured lines and Paleozoic aged carbonate rocks, and S in the ore-forming solution pointed out to the continental origin.

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“…There are other ore deposit types in this segment of the Tethyan metallogenic belt that are not covered in this special issue, such as bauxite and Ni laterite deposits (Herrington et al, 2016), ophiolite-related chromite deposits (Çiftçi et al, 2019), sedimentary exhalative and Mississippi Valley-type deposits (Palinkaš et al, 2008;Hanilçi et al, 2019), or deposits related to surficial brine processes (Helvacı, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallogeny of the Tethyan Orogenic Belt: From Mesozoic Magmatic Arcs to Cenozoic Back-Arc and Postcollisional Settings in Southeast Europe, Anatolia, and the Lesser Caucasus: An Introduction

Moritz

Baker

2019

Economic Geology

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Introduction The Tethyan mountain ranges stretch from northwestern Africa and western Europe to the southwest Pacific Ocean and constitute the longest continuous orogenic belt on Earth. It is an extremely fertile metallogenic belt, which includes a wide diversity of ore deposit types formed in very different geodynamic settings, which are the source of a wide range of commodities mined for the benefit of society (Janković, 1977, 1997; Richards, 2015, 2016). There are other ore deposit types in this segment of the Tethyan metallogenic belt that are not covered in this special issue, such as bauxite and Ni laterite deposits (Herrington et al., 2016), ophiolite-related chromite deposits (Çiftçi et al., 2019), sedimentary exhalative and Mississippi Valley-type deposits (Palinkaš et al., 2008; Hanilçi et al., 2019), or deposits related to surficial brine processes (Helvacı, 2019).

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Carbonate-Hosted Pb-Zn Deposits of Turkey

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Influence of Genetic Processes on Geochemistry of Fe-oxy-hydroxides in Supergene Zn Non-Sulfide Deposits

Influence of Genetic Processes on Geochemistry of Fe-oxy-hydroxides in Supergene Zn Non-Sulfide Deposits

Geology and Geochemistry of Carbonate Hosted Pb-Zn Deposit on North-east Part of Kahramanmaraş (Helete) in Engizek Belt

Metallogeny of the Tethyan Orogenic Belt: From Mesozoic Magmatic Arcs to Cenozoic Back-Arc and Postcollisional Settings in Southeast Europe, Anatolia, and the Lesser Caucasus: An Introduction

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