Carbonate anions controlled morphological evolution of LiMnPO4 crystals

Abstract

LiMnPO4 with a morphology controlled by carbonate anions was prepared via a simple template-free hydrothermal reaction; the LiMnPO4 shows a promising electrochemical activity as cathode material for lithium ion batteries.

Carbonate anion controlled growth of LiCoPO4/C nanorods and its improved electrochemical behavior

“…The highly conducting (~10 -1 S cm -1 ) Co 2 P phase formation yields better electrochemical performance of the LiCoPO 4 cathode [13]. In separate studies [20,21], the formation of shape controlled nanocrystalline LiMPO 4 (Fe, Mn) was reported to influence the electrochemical behavior due to a shortened diffusion path length for lithium ions. These studies [20,21] A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 6 through the solid mixture.…”

“…In separate studies [20,21], the formation of shape controlled nanocrystalline LiMPO 4 (Fe, Mn) was reported to influence the electrochemical behavior due to a shortened diffusion path length for lithium ions. These studies [20,21] A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 6 through the solid mixture. In other words, 30 ml of carbonic acid has been added to maintain the precursor mix in wet condition even after sonication and the amount of (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 used in the experiments was 1.5 g. Higher CO 3 2-concentrations (aided by the addition of H 2 CO 3 and H 2 CO 3 + (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 mix) confine the growth of crystals in one dimension, leading to porous LiCoPO 4 nanorods [21].…”

“…These studies [20,21] A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 6 through the solid mixture. In other words, 30 ml of carbonic acid has been added to maintain the precursor mix in wet condition even after sonication and the amount of (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 used in the experiments was 1.5 g. Higher CO 3 2-concentrations (aided by the addition of H 2 CO 3 and H 2 CO 3 + (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 mix) confine the growth of crystals in one dimension, leading to porous LiCoPO 4 nanorods [21]. The escape of CO 2 gas and the growth inhibited formation of nanorods aided by the addition of H 2 CO 3 are documented in our previous report [20].…”

A design strategy of large grain lithium-rich layered oxides for lithium-ion batteries cathode

“…During the cycles, fractures of the structure and morphology are contributed to electrochemical performance decay, especially the cycling stability [19]. Due to the complicated composition, the synthesis of morphology controlled lithiumcontaining compounds is very difficult [20]. By means of those principles, we have designed and utilized a simple way to prepare large grain in order to improve the cycling stability of cathode materials.…”

LiFePO4/C with high capacity synthesized by carbothermal reduction method

“…However, low ionic and electronic conductivity limit its commercial application. Through the pioneer works, we have known that the particle size dimensions [5][6][7], the morphology and particle size distribution [8,9], carbon coating [10,11], substitution [12][13][14], and small impurities are important factors to improve electronic conductivity. Moreover, reducing the particle size is widely verified to be an effective method to overcome the weak ionic conductivity [15].…”