Carbonaceous particles in fly ash -a source for the de-novo-synthesis of organochlorocompounds

Stieglitz, L.; Zwick, G.; Beck, J. Warren; Bautz, H.; Roth, Wiesław J.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(89)90325-1

Cited by 144 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A n increase of CPCDDlF from carbon/ fly ash at 300 "C with water present (compared to experiments without water) is reported by Stieglitz et al (77). The addition of water had no effect on ZPCDDlF formation using activated carbon on fly ash at 350 "C. However, a shift toward lower chlorinated congeners for PCDD in the presence of water was observed (13).…”

Section: Influence Of Process Parametersmentioning

confidence: 75%

Mechanisms of Formation and Destruction of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Heterogeneous Systems

Addink¹,

Olie²

1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

328

192

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Section: Influence Of Process Parametersmentioning

confidence: 75%

Mechanisms of Formation and Destruction of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Heterogeneous Systems

Addink¹,

Olie²

1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

328

192

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“…The ratio of 3.8 found at 250 OC is remarkable high compared to the ratios normally found for formation from carbon at 300 "C, which are usually below 1. Original fly ash itself however can have PCDD/F ratios > 1 (22,25). Addink et al (26) also found a very high [PCDD]: [PCDF] ratio at 250 "C for formation from carbon.…”

Section: Resutts and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of PCDDs and PCDFs from Anthracene and Chloroanthracene in a Model Fly Ash System

Schoonenboom¹,

Olie²

1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Oxidative destruction of macromolecular carbon could have the potential to generate various chlorinated compounds (Stieglitz et al, 1989b). Although many studies have reported on the formation of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs, other chlorinated compounds have not received such attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, highly chlorinated benzenes, such as hexa-and pentachlorobenzenes, are classed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In general, CBzs have a one-order higher concentration and a higher volatilization through de novo synthesis than PCDD/Fs (Stieglitz et al, 1989b;Fujimori et al, 2010), indicating the atmospheric impact of CBzs from thermal MSWI process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Properties of Macromolecular Carbon on de Novo Synthesis of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, and Chlorobenzenes

Fujimori

Nishimura

Oshita

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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We examined the influence of the properties of macromolecular carbon on thermochemical de novo synthesis of toxic chlorinated aromatic compounds (aromatic-Cls), such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), furans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs), and chlorobenzenes (CBzs). Six types of macromolecular carbons were prepared. Some activated carbon samples were modified by chemical solvents, such as nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid, and urea solutions, to change the properties of the activated carbon. We characterized six macromolecular carbons by surface area (8.8-1540 m 2 /g), free radicals (N s = not analyzed to 67.0 × 10 19 g -1 , g = 2.0011-2.0098), and functional groups (O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C, C-O, and C-OH). Concentrations of aromatic-Cls at 300-400°C, such as PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, and CBzs, were clearly influenced by the type of macromolecular carbon. Their distribution between the ash/gas phases implied that increasing the surface area mainly enhanced the adsorption capacity of macromolecular carbon, while increasing the number of free radicals mainly enhance the reaction activity of macromolecular carbon. The PCDD/PCDF ratio suggested that various modifications of macromolecular carbon contributed to the generation of PCDDs in addition to the catalytic behavior of copper. Under most conditions, the surface area of macromolecular carbon did not have a strong correlation with the generation of PCDDs, PCBs, and CBzs, but it did show have a correlation with the generation of PCDFs. One of the destructive effects of aromatic-Cls resulted from the free radicals in macromolecular carbon. The C=O bond (ca. 1720 cm -1 ) functional group in macromolecular carbon had no strong correlation with the generation of aromatic-Cls, because free radicals had a destructive effect. The functionalities of ether (C-O) or phenolic OH (C-OH) in macromolecular carbon were causative factors in the generation of oxygen-containing aromatic-Cls, such as PCDDs and PCDFs.

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Carbonaceous particles in fly ash -a source for the de-novo-synthesis of organochlorocompounds

Cited by 144 publications

References 15 publications

Mechanisms of Formation and Destruction of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Heterogeneous Systems

Mechanisms of Formation and Destruction of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Heterogeneous Systems

Formation of PCDDs and PCDFs from Anthracene and Chloroanthracene in a Model Fly Ash System

Influence of the Properties of Macromolecular Carbon on de Novo Synthesis of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, and Chlorobenzenes

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