Carbonaceous hydrogels based on hydrothermal carbonization of glucose with chitin nanofibers

A chitin nanofibril reinforced multifunctional monolith poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel

“…S3, ESI †) which resulted from the degradation of PVA and CNFs. 12 Under the N 2 atmosphere with temperature increased to 720 C, 7.25%, 26.50%, and 44.36% weight remained for cryoPVA-CNF, cryoPVA-CNF-D and cryoPVA-CNF-Ag, respectively. In comparison with cryoPVA-CNF, the excess amount of the remaining weight of cryoPVA-CNF-D and cryoPVA-CNF-Ag evidently resulted from the presence of polydopamine and A series of oscillatory dynamic mechanical measurements were performed to study the viscoelastic properties of the functionalized cryogels.…”

“…The increase of viscosity mainly results from the entanglement of nano-sized chitin bers of 3-10 nm in width and several micrometers in length. 12 These chitin nanobrils (CNFs) were used as a nanoller to reinforce the mechanical strength of the PVA cryogel crosslinked by GA. The schematic diagram and chemical structure for the preparation of the CNF reinforced cryogel (cryoPVA-CNF), polydopamine modied cryogel (cryoPVA-CNF-D) and Ag nanoparticle containing cryogel (cryoPVA-CNF-Ag) are shown in Fig.…”

“…Chitin nanobrils were produced from the puried squid pen by mechanical treatment according to the method described previously. 11,12 Briey, the collected squid pens were washed thoroughly with tap water and dried before they were ground to a ne powder using a high speed blender. The powdered squid pen (30 g) was dispersed in 500 mL of 0.5% Triton X-100 by stirring for 24 h at room temperature to remove lipoproteins.…”

“…It has been reported that a chitin nanobril (CNF) of width 3-10 nm can be easily obtained from a squid pen by mechanical treatment under mild acidic conditions. 11,12 Due to their appealing intrinsic bio-friendly properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility and biofunctionality, chitin nanobrils have found favorable utilization in a wide range of applications such as biomedical engineering, 13 cell growth, 9 tissue engineering, 14 wound dressing 15 and biosensing. 16 Dopamine which contains the catechol and amine functional groups in its structure has been recently shown to be able to oxidatively self-polymerize into a polydopamine layer rmly adhered on the surfaces of diverse organic, inorganic, and polymeric materials.…”

Carbonaceous hydrogels and aerogels for supercapacitors

“…The biomass derived aerogels are usually applied as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Biomass derived carbonaceous hydrogels can be prepared by hydrothermal treatment of biomass 6,105 or directly obtained from the crude natural polymers. 106 As for binders' application, the 3D hydrogels serve as substrates for dispersion of electrochemical active materials to form composite electrodes.…”