Carbon uptake during Spark Plasma Sintering: investigation through the analysis of the carbide “footprint” in a Ni–W alloy

Bokhonov, Boris B.; Ukhina, Arina V.; Dudina, Dina V.; Анисимов, А. Н.; Mali, V. I.; Batraev, Igor S.

doi:10.1039/c5ra15439a

Cited by 46 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…At a SPS temperature of 700 °C, a similar effect, Ti-depletion of the layer adjacent to the graphite foil, was observed; however, the layer was thinner. These results are quite different from those obtained in [29,30], in which carbon from the graphite foil was found to diffuse into the alloy during SPS. In that case, the alloy was based on a Ni(W) solid solution obtained by mechanical alloying.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The interaction of metals and alloys with carbon during sintering has been the subject of recent studies [27,28,29,30]; however, phase and microstructure changes occurring at the Ti–Cu alloy/carbon interface have not been reported. To understand the details of the evolution of the alloy’s microstructure when the alloy comes in contact with carbon, model experiments were conducted, in which ribbons of the alloy were sintered in contact with graphite foil under pressure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of a Ti–Cu Alloy with Carbon: Synthesis of Composites and Model Experiments

et al. 2019

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Titanium carbide (TiC), is the most thermodynamically stable compound in the Ti–C–Cu system, which makes it a suitable reinforcement phase for copper matrix composites. In this work, the interaction of a Ti–Cu alloy with different forms of carbon was investigated to trace the structural evolution leading to the formation of in-situ TiC–Cu composite structures. The reaction mixtures were prepared from Ti25Cu75 alloy ribbons and carbon black or nanodiamonds to test the possibilities of obtaining fine particles of TiC using ball milling and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). It was found that the behavior of the reaction mixtures during ball milling depends on the nature of the carbon source. Model experiments were conducted to observe the outcomes of the diffusion processes at the alloy/carbon interface. It was found that titanium atoms diffuse to the alloy/graphite interface and react with carbon forming a titanium carbide layer, but carbon does not diffuse into the alloy. The diffusion experiments as well as the synthesis by ball milling and SPS indicated that the distribution of TiC particles in the composite structures obtained via reactive solid-state processing of Ti25Cu75+C follows the distribution of carbon particles in the reaction mixtures. This justifies the use of carbon sources that have fine particles to prepare the reaction mixtures as well as efficient dispersion of the carbon component in the alloy–carbon mixture when the goal is to synthesize fine particles of TiC in the copper matrix.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of a Ti–Cu Alloy with Carbon: Synthesis of Composites and Model Experiments

et al. 2019

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“…On the other hand, point defects such as vacancies could be easily introduced during nucleation, radiation and corrosion processes, and defects in alloy always serve as the trapping site for carbon. The metal solute as well as defects and their interactions can greatly affect the carbon solubility, [13][14][15][16] diffusion, 15,16 carbon segregation 14 and carbide precipitations properties 14,17 in nickel. However, it is extremely difficult to directly observe the behavior of carbon and the corresponding microcosmic mechanisms since all of the FIAs-FSAs interactions are atomic-scale problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical study of the substitutional solute effect on the interstitial carbon in nickel-based alloy

et al. 2017

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“…The presence of carbon near the processed W powder does not guarantee the carbide layer formed during SPS consolidation. The solubility of carbon in W is the main factor for carbide layer formation [51]. The carburized layer is assumed to grow in a parabolic manner with holding time, which allows an approximate estimation of the diffusion coefficient of carbon in W (D C ).…”

Section: Microstructure Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densification mechanism and mechanical properties of tungsten powder consolidated by spark plasma sintering

Lee

McKittrick

Ivanov

et al. 2016

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials

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The dominant densification mechanism of a tungsten powder processed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) is revealed by the continuum theory of sintering-based regression of the experimental data on the powder consolidation carried out at the temperatures from 1600 °C to 1800 °C and pressure levels of 60 MPa and 120 MPa. The strain rate sensitivity is determined to be 0.39 and the sintering activation energy is 412 kJ/mol. It appears that the main mechanism of tungsten powder densification compaction is grain boundary sliding controlled by dislocation climb with the dislocations moving along grain boundaries. The evidence of the superplastic-like behavior of the tungsten powder during SPS is also supported by electron backscatter diffraction microstructure analysis of the compacted specimens. The relative density of the compacted pellets reaches 81~95%, depending on the SPS temperature conditions. The experimental outcomes indicate that the carbon uptake during SPS results in the formation of tungsten carbide at the surface of compacted specimens. Based on the experimental data, the diffusion coefficient of carbon in tungsten is obtained and is found to be similar to literature values.

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Carbon uptake during Spark Plasma Sintering: investigation through the analysis of the carbide “footprint” in a Ni–W alloy

Abstract: During SPS of Ni–15 at% W in contact with graphite, the diffusion of carbon leads to the formation of WC and Ni2W4C.

Cited by 46 publications

References 39 publications

Interaction of a Ti–Cu Alloy with Carbon: Synthesis of Composites and Model Experiments

Interaction of a Ti–Cu Alloy with Carbon: Synthesis of Composites and Model Experiments

Theoretical study of the substitutional solute effect on the interstitial carbon in nickel-based alloy

Densification mechanism and mechanical properties of tungsten powder consolidated by spark plasma sintering

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