Carbon Uptake and the Metabolism and Transport of Lipids in an Arbuscular Mycorrhiza1

Pfeffer, Philip E.; Douds, David D.; Bécard, Guillaume; Shachar‐Hill, Yair

doi:10.1104/pp.120.2.587

Cited by 351 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This limitation led to the use of NLFA C16:1cis11 as a measure of AM biomass in field soils (Olsson, 1999). Lipid synthesis occurs in intraradical fungal structures using plant C that is then translocated to the extraradical mycelium (Pfeffer et al, 1999). Neutral lipids accumulate as mycelia age and are evidence for successful root colonization, and subsequent sporulation (Olsson and Johansen, 2000).…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal biomarker C16:1cis11 among neutral, glyco and phospholipids extracted from soil during the reproductive growth of corn

Grigera

Drijber

Shores-Morrow

et al. 2007

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In AM fungi, C is stored and transported as lipid bodies. Plant sugars in intraradical fungal structures are converted into lipids that are translocated to the extraradical mycelium (Pfeffer et al, 1999) to be used for mycelial growth and sporulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal biomarker C16:1cis11 among neutral, glyco and phospholipids extracted from soil during the reproductive growth of corn

Grigera

Drijber

Shores-Morrow

et al. 2007

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…It has been suggested according to its phylogenetic distribution that glycerol metabolism can be taken back as far as the prebiotic era (43). It was recently demonstrated that glycerol supplied exogenously to extracellular hyphae of the symbiotic mycorrhiza is incorporated into triacylglycerol in the intracellular hyphae, and subsequently transferred to the extracellular hyphae as an energy source (44). Direct studies of metabolism in plant-fungal interactions often encounter difficulties in interpreting the biochemical data, and none of the methodologies employed to date are without pitfalls (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Gene Disruption of Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Reveals Evidence That Glycerol Is a Significant Transferred Nutrient from Host Plant to Fungal Pathogen

Wei

Shen

Dauk

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Unidirectional transfer of nutrients from plant host to pathogen represents a most revealing aspect of the parasitic lifestyle of plant pathogens. Whereas much effort has been focused on sugars and amino acids, the identification of other significant metabolites is equally important for comprehensive characterization of metabolic interactions between plants and biotrophic fungal pathogens. Employing a strategy of targeted gene disruption, we generated a mutant strain (gpdh⌬) defective in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in a hemibiotrophic plant pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. malvae. The gpdh⌬ strain had severe defects in carbon utilization as it could use neither glucose nor amino acids for sustained growth. Although the mutant mycelia were able to grow on potato dextrose agar medium, they displayed arrhythmicity in growth and failure to conidiate. The metabolic defect of gpdh⌬ could be entirely ameliorated by glycerol in chemically defined minimal medium. Furthermore, glycerol was the one and only metabolite that could restore rhythmic growth and conidiation of gpdh⌬. Despite the profound defects in carbon source utilization, in planta the gpdh⌬ strain exhibited normal pathogenicity, proceeded normally in its life cycle, and produced abundant conidia. Analysis of plant tissues at the peripheral zone of fungal infection sites revealed a time-dependent reduction in glycerol content. This study provides strong evidence for a role of glycerol as a significant transferred metabolite from plant to fungal pathogen.

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“…Some cells might produce this chemical in response to stress and act as osmoregulators, offering some protection or resistance to freezing (Smith, 1998). In AM fungi, trehalose is a major storage carbohydrate present in spores Bago et al, 1999), sporocarps and mycorrhizal roots (Schubert et al, 1992 ;Pfeffer et al, 1999). However, the amount of trehalose stored in spores is approx.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryopreservation of entrapped monoxenically produced spores of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

Declerck

Coppenolle

2000

New Phytologist

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A study was conducted to quantify the ability of entrapped, monoxenically produced spores of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to germinate and reproduce the fungal life cycle after cryopreservation. No germination was obtained after incubation of entrapped spores in glycerol and mannitol and subsequent cryopreservation at k70mC, regardless of the concentration of cryoprotectants and duration of incubation. Incubation for 1 d in 0n5 M sucrose, and for 1 and 2 d in 0n5 M trehalose, led to spore germination after cryopreservation at k70mC. Lower cryopreservation temperatures were tested with entrapped spores incubated for 1 d in 0n5 M trehalose. The highest germination rate, estimated by the percentage of potentially infective beads (%PIB), was obtained at k100mC. A %PIB of 95% (water agar medium) to 100% (Strullu-Romand medium) was obtained at this temperature. Thereafter, %PIB rapidly decreased at k140 and k180mC. Heavy sporulation and high internal root colonization were obtained after re-association of the entrapped spores, incubated for 1 d in 0n5 M trehalose and subsequently cryopreserved at k100mC, with transformed carrot roots. This demonstrates the ability of entrapped spores to reproduce the fungal life cycle following cold treatment.

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Carbon Uptake and the Metabolism and Transport of Lipids in an Arbuscular Mycorrhiza1

Cited by 351 publications

References 33 publications

Distribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal biomarker C16:1cis11 among neutral, glyco and phospholipids extracted from soil during the reproductive growth of corn

Distribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal biomarker C16:1cis11 among neutral, glyco and phospholipids extracted from soil during the reproductive growth of corn

Targeted Gene Disruption of Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Reveals Evidence That Glycerol Is a Significant Transferred Nutrient from Host Plant to Fungal Pathogen

Cryopreservation of entrapped monoxenically produced spores of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

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