Carbon turnover and nitrogen transformations in an alfisol and vertisol amended with [U-14C] glucose and [15N] ammonium sulfate

Ladd, J.N.; Jocteur-Monrozier, Lucile; Amato, M.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(92)90196-5

Cited by 89 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As has been previously reported (Castellanos and Pratt 1981;Chae and Tabatabai 1986;Ladd et al 1992), net N mineralisation was lower in the soil with the higher clay content, due possibly to the combined effect of soil aeration and immobilization, since ammonium fixation appears to be <5% of applied NH 4 -N in the clay soils of the region (Black and Waring 1972). All 4 laboratory estimates of N release after application of the 2 sludges, organic N mineralised over 30 weeks (Fig.…”

Section: Influence Of Soil Texture On N Release From Applied Sludgesupporting

confidence: 73%

Piggery pond sludge as a nitrogen source for crops. 1. Mineral N supply estimated from laboratory incubations and field application of stockpiled and wet sludge

Kliese

Dalal²,

Strong³

et al. 2005

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

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Abstract. Piggery pond sludge (PPS) was applied, as-collected (Wet PPS) and following stockpiling for 12 months (Stockpiled PPS), to a sandy Sodosol and clay Vertosol at sites on the Darling Downs of Queensland. Laboratory measures of N availability were carried out on unamended and PPS-amended soils to investigate their value in estimating supplementary N needs of crops in Australia's northern grains region. Cumulative net N mineralised from the long-term (30 weeks) leached aerobic incubation was described by a first-order single exponential model. The mineralisation rate constant (0.057/week) was not significantly different between Control and PPS treatments or across soil types, when the amounts of initial mineral N applied in PPS treatments were excluded. Potentially mineralisable N (N o ) was significantly increased by the application of Wet PPS, and increased with increasing rate of application. Application of Wet PPS significantly increased the total amount of inorganic N leached compared with the Control treatments. Mineral N applied in Wet PPS contributed as much to the total mineral N status of the soil as did that which mineralised over time from organic N. Rates of CO 2 evolution during 30 weeks of aerobic leached incubation indicated that the Stockpiled PPS was more stabilised (19-28% of applied organic C mineralised) than the Wet PPS (35-58% of applied organic C mineralised), due to higher lignin content in the former. Net nitrate-N produced following 12 weeks of aerobic non-leached incubation was highly correlated with net nitrate-N leached during 12 weeks of aerobic incubation (R 2 = 0.96), although it was <60% of the latter in both sandy and clayey soils. Anaerobically mineralisable N determined by waterlogged incubation of laboratory PPS-amended soil samples increased with increasing application rate of Wet PPS. Anaerobically mineralisable N from field-moist soil was well correlated with net N mineralised during 30 weeks of aerobic leached incubation (R 2 = 0.90 sandy soil; R 2 = 0.93 clay soil). In the clay soil, the amount of mineral N produced from all the laboratory incubations was significantly correlated with field-measured nitrate-N in the soil profile (0-1.5 m depth) after 9 months of weed-free fallow following PPS application. In contrast, only anaerobic mineralisable N was significantly correlated with field nitrate-N in the sandy soil. Anaerobic incubation would, therefore, be suitable as a rapid practical test to estimate potentially mineralisable N following applications of different PPS materials in the field.Additional keywords: piggery manure, nitrogen mineralisation potentials, aerobic mineralisable N, anaerobic mineralisable N, ammonium-N, nitrate-N.

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Section: Influence Of Soil Texture On N Release From Applied Sludgesupporting

confidence: 73%

Piggery pond sludge as a nitrogen source for crops. 1. Mineral N supply estimated from laboratory incubations and field application of stockpiled and wet sludge

Kliese

Dalal²,

Strong³

et al. 2005

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

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“…Numerous studies reported a relationship between clay or silt plus clay content and the preservation of organic C and N [102,135,189,238]. It has also been reported that not only the clay content but also the clay type influences the preservation of organic C and N [165,238,246]. In accordance with Hassink [135], we investigated the C protective capacity of silt and clay particles in temperate and tropical soils (Fig.…”

Section: Soil Organic Matter Turnover Stabilization and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 83%

Soil organic matter, biota and aggregation in temperate and tropical soils - Effects of no-tillage

Feller²,

et al. 2002

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-The long-term stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM) in tropical and temperate regions is mediated by soil biota (e.g. fungi, bacteria, roots and earthworms), soil structure (e.g. aggregation) and their interactions. On average, soil C turnover was twice as fast in tropical compared with temperate regions, but no major differences were observed in SOM quality between the two regions. Probably due to the soil mineralogy dominated by 1:1 clay minerals and oxides in tropical regions, we found a higher aggregate stability, but a lower correlation between C contents and aggregate stability in tropical soils. In addition, a smaller amount of C associated with clay and silt particles was observed in tropical versus temperate soils. In both tropical and temperate soils, a general increase in C levels (≈ 325 ± 113 kg C·ha -1 ·yr -1 ) was observed under no-tillage compared with conventional tillage. On average, in temperate soils under no-tillage, compared with conventional tillage, CH 4 uptake (≈ 0.42 ± 0.10 kg C-CH 4 ·ha -1 ·yr -1 ) increased and N 2 O emissions increased (≈ 1.95 ± 0.45 kg N-N 2 O·ha -1 ·yr -1 ). These increased N 2 O emissions lead to a negative global warming potential when expressed on a CO 2 equivalent basis. La stabilisation à long terme de la matière organique du sol (MOS) dans les régions tempérées et intertropicales est sous la dépendance de l'activité biologique (champignons, bactéries, macrofaune et racines), de la structure du sol (agrégation) et de leurs interactions. En moyenne, si le turnover du carbone du sol (C) est environ deux fois plus rapide en régions intertropicales qu'en régions tempérées, peu de différences apparaissent toutefois quant à la qualité de la MOS sous ces climats différents. La stabilité de l'agrégation est plus élevée pour les sols des régions intertropicales, ceci étant probablement dû à leur minéralogie dominée par des argiles de type 1:1 associés à des oxihydroxides métalliques. Toutefois, pour les sols tropicaux, la corrélation entre teneur en C et stabilité de l'agrégation est plus faible et de moindres quantités de C sont associées avec les éléments fins (argile+limon). Aussi bien sous climats tempéré que tropical et subtropical, une augmentation générale des stocks de C du sol (≈ 325 ± 113 kg C·ha -1 ·an -1 ) est observée avec les pratiques de non labour. Pour les sols des régions tempérées, si une fixation de CH 4 (≈ 0.42 ± 0.10 kg C-CH 4 ·ha -1 ·an -1 ) est mesurée sous non-labour, parallèlement une émission de N 2 O est observée (≈ 1.95 ± 0.45 kg N-N 2 O·ha -1 ·an -1 ), conduisant finalement à un bilan négatif en terme de réchauffement global exprimé en équivalents de flux de C-CO 2 .carbone du sol / agrégation / émissions N 2 O / non-labour / régions tempérées et intertropicales INTRODUCTIONThe conservation of sufficient soil organic matter (SOM) levels is crucial for the biological, chemical and physical soil functioning in both temperate and tropical ecosystems. Appropriate levels of SOM ensure soil fertility and minimize agricultural impac...

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“…In contrast to the clay-loamy Gavidia soil, the organic matter at Patacamaya is not protected because of the lack of clay and loam minerals. Since Sorensen (1972) the effect of clay minerals on organic matter decomposition has been thoroughly investigated (Jenkinson, 1977b;Ladd et al, 1992). The microbial processes largely occur at the particle surfaces (Robert and Chenu, 1992); thus the microorganisms and the microbial decay products are both influenced by the quality of the mineral environment.…”

Section: Effects Of Abiotic Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors controlling decomposition of soil organic matter in fallow systems of the high tropical Andes: A field simulation approach using 14C- and 15N-labelled plant material

Bottner¹,

Pansu

Sarmiento

et al. 2006

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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N-rich (C:N ¼ 27) and N-poor (C:N ¼ 130) wheat straw, labelled with 14 C and 15 N, was incubated for 2 yr in two major ecosystems of the upper elevation belt of cultivation in the high Andes: the moist Paramo (precipitation ¼ 1329 mm, altitude ¼ 3400 m asl, Andes of Merida, Venezuela) and the dry Puna (precipitation ¼ 370 mm, altitude ¼ 3800 m asl, Central Altiplano, Bolivia). The experiment was installed in young (2 yr) and old (7 yr) fallow plots. The following soil analyses were performed at nine sampling occasions: soil moisture, total-14 C and -15 N, and Microbial Biomass (MB)-14 C and -15 N. The measured data were fitted by the MOMOS-6 model (a process based model, with five compartments: labile and stable plant material, MB, and labile (HL) and stable humus (HS)) coupled with the SAHEL model (soil moisture prediction) using daily measured and/or predicted meteorological data. The aim was to understand how (1) the climatic conditions, (2) the quality of plant material, (3) the fallow age and (4) the soil properties affect the cycling of C and N within the soil organic matter system. The fallow age (2 and 7 yr) did not affect the measured data or the model predictions, indicating that in these systems the decomposition potential is not affected by fallow length. During the short initial active decomposition phase, the labile plant material was quickly exhausted, enabling a build up of MB and of HL. During the low activity phase, that covered 4/5 of the time of exposure, the MB size decreased slowly and the HL pool was progressively exhausted as it was reused by the MB as substrate. The HL compartment was directly or indirectly the major source for the inorganic 15 N production. If the C:N ratio of the added plant material increased, the model predicted (1) a reduction of the decomposition rates of the plant material (essentially the stable plant material) and (2) an increased mortality of the MB which increased the production of HL (microbial cadavers and metabolites). Thus the essential effect of the slower decomposition due to the N-poor plant material was a higher accumulation of C and N in the HL and its slower recycling by the MB during the low activity phase. The labelling experiment allows to understand the higher soil native organic matter content in Paramo soils compared to Puna. The large sequestration of organic matter generally observed in the Paramo soils can be explained by two abiotic factors: the unfavourable soil microstructure and the accumulation of free aluminium linked to the climatic and acid soil conditions, inhibiting the microbial activity physically and chemically. r

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Carbon turnover and nitrogen transformations in an alfisol and vertisol amended with [U-14C] glucose and [15N] ammonium sulfate

Cited by 89 publications

References 21 publications

Piggery pond sludge as a nitrogen source for crops. 1. Mineral N supply estimated from laboratory incubations and field application of stockpiled and wet sludge

Piggery pond sludge as a nitrogen source for crops. 1. Mineral N supply estimated from laboratory incubations and field application of stockpiled and wet sludge

Soil organic matter, biota and aggregation in temperate and tropical soils - Effects of no-tillage

Factors controlling decomposition of soil organic matter in fallow systems of the high tropical Andes: A field simulation approach using 14C- and 15N-labelled plant material

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