Carbon Storage and Productivity of a Carbon Dioxide Enriched Nitrogen Limited Grass Sward After One Year's Growth

Lutze, Jason L.; Gifford, Roger M.

doi:10.2307/2845915

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…4a), being unresponsive at low-N as was reported for Bromus mollis (Larigauderie, (Lutze & Gifford 1995, 1998. Thus, total plant dry weight was increased without an increase in leaf area under low N supply.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Under elevated CO 2 , swards of the Australian native wallaby grass Danthonia richardsonii Cashmore were shown to increase plant-soil system carbon accumulation at three productivity-limiting levels of nitrogen availability. That increase was attained without an increase in LAI at the higher rates of N availability, and without an increase in live above-ground carbon (Lutze & Gifford 1995, 1998. Little is known about the response of D. richardsonii to CO 2 or N when grown as an isolated plant, and many questions about isolated plant responses to CO 2 enrichment remain unanswered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO₂ enrichment

Lutze

Gifford

1998

Plant Cell & Environment

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Dry weight (DW) and nitrogen (N) accumulation and allocation were measured in isolated plants of Danthonia richardsonii (Wallaby Grass) for 37 d following seed imbibition. Plants were grown at ≈ 365 or 735 µL L -1 CO 2 with N supply of 0·05, 0·2 or 0·5 mg N plant -1 d -1 . Elevated CO 2 increased DW accumulation by 28% (low-N) to 103% (high-N), following an initial stimulation of relative growth rate. Net assimilation rate and leaf nitrogen productivity were increased by elevated CO 2 , while N concentration was reduced. N uptake per unit root surface area was unaffected by CO 2 enrichment. The ratio of leaf area to root surface area was decreased by CO 2 enrichment. Allometric analysis revealed a decrease in the shoot-N to root-N ratio at elevated CO 2 , while the shoot-DW to root-DW ratio was unchanged. Allometric analysis showed leaf area was reduced, while root surface area was unchanged by elevated CO 2 , indicating a down-regulation of total plant capacity for carbon gain rather than a stimulation of mineral nutrient acquisition capacity. Overall, growth in elevated CO 2 resulted in changes in plant morphology and nitrogen use, other than those associated simply with changing plant size and non-structural carbohydrate content.Key-words: allometry; climate change; grass; growth analysis; resource use. INTRODUCTIONDanthonia spp. (Wallaby Grasses) are widespread over South-eastern Australia (Moore 1970). Under elevated CO 2 , swards of the Australian native wallaby grass Danthonia richardsonii Cashmore were shown to increase plant-soil system carbon accumulation at three productivity-limiting levels of nitrogen availability. That increase was attained without an increase in LAI at the higher rates of N availability, and without an increase in live above-ground carbon (Lutze & Gifford 1995, 1998. Little is known about the response of D. richardsonii to CO 2 or N when grown as an isolated plant, and many questions about isolated plant responses to CO 2 enrichment remain unanswered.Growth at high CO 2 is often accompanied by a downregulation of photosynthesis which is sometimes associated with a reduction in the nitrogen concentration of photosynthetic tissues (Stitt 1991;Arp & Berendse 1993;Bowes 1993). The decrease in nitrogen concentration in green leaf may relate to an increase in the proportion of plant nitrogen invested in root, as was shown for Xanthium occidentale Bertol. (Hocking & Meyer 1985) and Pinus sp. seedlings (Griffin, Winner & Strain 1995). Little is known about how such changes may be associated with changes in plant morphology and function. Increases in root to plant weight ratio in response to high CO 2 are often reported when plants are nitrogen-or water-stressed (e.g. Stulen & den Hertog 1993). This may result in relatively more root surface area for the same plant mass, allowing a more thorough exploration of the soil for nutrient and water acquisition (Allen et al. 1992). Another indicator of the functional balance between root and leaf is the ratio of root length to leaf surface...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO₂ enrichment

Lutze

Gifford

1998

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…A loamy soil, poor in organic matter and derived from mixed granitic and basaltic rocks was collected under a seminatural grassland in the hill area of Theix (850 m a.s.l., Massif Central, France). Soil was collected at a depth of 10–30 cm in order to minimize organic matter (OM) content ( Lutze & Gifford 1995). After sieving using a 1‐cm mesh, the soil consisted on average of 42% sand, 42% loam and 15% clay, with a pH (water) of 6.9.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated CO₂, temperature and N fertilization on nitrogen fluxes in a temperate grassland ecosystem

Loiseau¹,

Soussana²

2000

Global Change Biology

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Summary The soil nitrogen cycle was investigated in a pre‐established Lolium perenne sward on a loamy soil and exposed to ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (350 and 700 μL L−1) and, at elevated [CO2], to a 3 °C temperature increase. At two levels of mineral nitrogen supply, N– (150 kgN ha−1 y−1) and N+ (533 kgN ha−1 y−1), 15N‐labelled ammonium nitrate was supplied in split applications over a 2.5‐y period. The recovery of the labelled fertilizer N was measured in the harvests, in the stubble and roots, in the macro‐organic matter fractions above 200 μm in size (MOM) and in the aggregated organic matter below 200 μM (AOM). Elevated [CO2] reduced the total amount of N harvested in the clipped parts of the sward. The harvested N derived from soil was reduced to a greater extent than that derived from fertilizer. At both N supplies, elevated [CO2] modified the allocation of the fertilizer N in the sward, in favour of the stubble and roots and significantly increased the recovery of fertilizer N in the soil macro‐organic matter fractions. The increase of fertilizer N immobilization in the MOM was associated with a decline of fertilizer N uptake by the grass sward, which supported the hypothesis of a negative feedback of elevated [CO2] on the sward N yield and uptake. Similar and even more pronounced effects were observed for the native N mineralized in the soil. At N–, a greater part of the fertilizer N organized in the root phytomass resulted in an underestimation of N immobilized in dead roots and, in turn, an underestimation of N immobilization in the MOM. The 3 °C temperature increase alleviated the [CO2] effect throughout much of the N cycle, increasing soil N mineralization, N derived from soil in the harvests, and the partitioning of the assimilated fertilizer N to shoots. In conclusion, at ambient temperature, the N cycle was slowed down under elevated [CO2], which restricted the increase in the aboveground production of the grass sward, and apparently contributed to the sequestration of carbon belowground. In contrast, a temperature increase under elevated [CO2] stimulated the soil nitrogen cycle, improved the N nutrition of the sward and restricted the magnitude of the soil C sequestration.

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“…Low phosphorus availability would be expressed as low Nk9 in CQUESTN. Gifford et al (1995) have postulated that rates at which phosphorus comes available from soil minerals may increase with increases in atmospheric CO2, over decades/centuries because rates of increase in the available phosphorus pool are dependent on vegetation processes, themselves dependent on carbon supply. Globally, terrestrial vegetation may require between 0.2-0.3 Gt P yr-l (MacKenzie et al, 1993), equivalent to 15-20 kg ha-l yr-i.…”

Section: Phosphorus Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global atmospheric change effects on terrestrial carbon sequestration: Exploration with a global C- and N-cycle model (CQUESTN)

1995

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A b s t r a c tA model of the interacting global carbon and nitrogen cycles (CQUESTN) is developed to explore the possible history of C-sequestration into the terrestrial biosphere in response to the global increases (past and possible future) in atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature and N-deposition. The model is based on published estimates of pre-industrial C and N pools and fluxes into vegetation, litter and soil compartments. It was found necessary to assign low estimates of N pools and fluxes to be compatible with the more firmly established C-cycle data. Net primary production was made responsive to phytomass N level, and to CO2 and temperature deviation from preindustrial values with sensitivities covering the ranges in the literature. Biological N-fixation could be made either unresponsive to soil C:N ratio, or could act to tend to restore the preindustrial C:N of humus with different N-fixation intensities. As for all such simulation models, uncertainties in both data and functional relationships render it more useful for qualitative evaluation than for quantitative prediction.With the N-fixation response turned off, the historic CO2 increase led to standard-model sequestration into terrestrial ecosystems in 1995AD of 1.8 Gt C yr -l. With N-fixation restoring humus C:N strongly, C sequestration was 3 Gt yr -1 in 1995. In both cases C:N of phytomass and litter increased with time and these increases were plausible when compared with experimental data on CO2 effects. The temperature increase also caused net C sequestration in the model biosphere because decrease in soil organic matter was more than offset by the increase in phytomass deriving from the extra N mineralised. For temperature increase to reduce system C pool size, the biosphere "leakiness" to N would have to increase substantially with temperature. Assuming a constant N-loss coefficient, the historic temperature increase alone caused standard-model net C sequestration to be about 0.6 Gt C in 1995. Given the disparity of plant and microbial C:N, the modelled impact of anthropogenic N-deposition on C-sequestration depends substantially on whether the deposited N is initially taken up by plants or by soil microorganisms. Assuming the latter, standard-model net sequestration in 1995 was 0.2 Gt C in 1995 from the N-deposition effect alone. Combining the effects of the historic courses of CO2, temperature and N-deposition, the standard-model gave C-sequestration of 3.5 Gt in 1995. This involved an assumed weak response of biological N-fixation to the increased carbon status of the ecosystem. For N-fixation to track ecosystem C-fixation in the long term however, more phosphorus must enter the biological cycle. New experimental evidence shows that plants in elevated CO2 have the capacity to mobilize more phosphorus from so-called "unavailable" sources using mechanisms involving exudation of organic acids and phosphatases.

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Carbon Storage and Productivity of a Carbon Dioxide Enriched Nitrogen Limited Grass Sward After One Year's Growth

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO₂ enrichment

Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO₂ enrichment

Effects of elevated CO₂, temperature and N fertilization on nitrogen fluxes in a temperate grassland ecosystem

Global atmospheric change effects on terrestrial carbon sequestration: Exploration with a global C- and N-cycle model (CQUESTN)

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Carbon Storage and Productivity of a Carbon Dioxide Enriched Nitrogen Limited Grass Sward After One Year's Growth

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO2 enrichment

Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO2 enrichment

Effects of elevated CO2, temperature and N fertilization on nitrogen fluxes in a temperate grassland ecosystem

Global atmospheric change effects on terrestrial carbon sequestration: Exploration with a global C- and N-cycle model (CQUESTN)

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About

Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO₂ enrichment

Acquisition and allocation of carbon and nitrogen by Danthonia richardsonii in response to restricted nitrogen supply and CO₂ enrichment

Effects of elevated CO₂, temperature and N fertilization on nitrogen fluxes in a temperate grassland ecosystem