Carbon Sphere-Polyaniline Composite: A Fluorescent Scaffold for Proliferation of Adipose Derived Stem Cells and its Cellular uptake

Abstract

In this work, for the first time, we used inherently fluorescent carbon spheres (IF‐CSP) as a doping agent to retain the electroactivity of polyaniline (PANI) in neutral media by making composite (IF‐CSP@PANI) which is an important requirement for physiological applications of PANI. To address this issue, in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline is done in presence of IF‐CSP. IF‐CSP@PANI has higher electrochemical activity than PANI in cell culture media at pH 7.4 with high cycling stability which was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In addition, this material showed great promise as a biocompatible scaffold for the adherence and proliferation of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) at all concentrations of IF‐CSP@PANI composite (10‐200 μg/mL) for five days of culture period and this was confirmed by MTT assay. Doping of PANI with IF‐CSP might have helped to preserve its electroactivity and cycling stability at higher pH values by hindering the deprotonation of its conducting form. Proliferation of ADSCs may be attributed to the electroactivity of the composite material. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images evidenced that the IF‐CSP@PANI composite was able to enter into the cytoplasm of ADSCs. These extraordinary properties might render the IF‐CSP@PANI composite as a promising candidate for bioimaging, biosensing, tissue engineering and drug or gene delivery.

Polyaniline Coated Core-Shell Typed Stimuli-Responsive Microspheres and Their Electrorheology

“…In the case of PANI, however, which is generally synthesized by an oxidative polymerization process in an acid environment with its protonation, the pristine PANI appears to be the highly electrically conductive emeraldine salt form, which is likely to cause electric breakdown during the ER measurements. On the other hand, protonated PANI can be converted to a lowly electrically conductive PANI base by a treatment with alkali [ 129 , 130 ]. Therefore, before applying the PANI-coated core-shell microspheres to the ER fluids, a de-doping process is generally necessary to reduce the electrical conductivity of the particles in the semi-conducting regime to prevent electric breakdown at high electric field strengths.…”

Biological Evaluation of Graphene Quantum Dots and Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots as Neurotrophic Agents

“…This electrochemical system can be represented in the form of an equivalent circuit, as can be observed from Figure b, which consists of R s , i.e., cumulative resistance emanating from the electrolyte, internal resistance of the electroactive material, and contact resistance, as well as the constant-phase element ( Q ), which indicates the inhomogeneity of the active material under study. Also, the absence of R ct correlates with the nature of the Nyquist plots shown in Figure a. , As illustrated in Figure c, the CV of G1- and G2-modified GCE along with that of bare GCE displayed a rectangular curve consistent with the electrical double-layer type of charge storage mechanism, typical of GMs. The broad area of the CV curve in case of G2 compared to that of G1 and bare GCE indicates its superior electroactivity as the chemically bound N atoms of G2 may significantly modify its electrical characteristics and offer additional active sites, which aids in enhancing its electrochemical performance. ,, …”

“…Also, the absence of R ct correlates with the nature of the Nyquist plots shown in Figure 5a. 66,67 As illustrated in Figure 5c, the CV of G1-and G2-modified GCE along with that of bare GCE displayed a rectangular curve consistent with the electrical double-layer type of charge storage mechanism, typical of GMs. The broad area of the CV curve in case of G2 compared to that of G1 and bare GCE indicates its superior electroactivity as the chemically bound N atoms of G2 may significantly modify its electrical characteristics and offer additional active sites, which aids in enhancing its electrochemical performance.…”

Recent progress in polyaniline-based composites as electrode materials for pliable supercapacitors

“…50 The unique qualities of the aforementioned materials aid in overcoming the setbacks of pristine PANI, making them potential choices for the preparation of composites. [51][52][53] Thus, electrodes for flexible SCs were fabricated out of these composites using different synthetic protocols like soft assembly, template synthesis, emulsification, interfacial polymerization and electro-polymerization. Composites of PANI with the aforesaid materials have augmented the electrochemical performance of flexible SCs.…”