Carbon speciation in ash, residual waste and contaminated soil by thermal and chemical analyses

Kumpienė, Jūratė; Robinson, Ryan; Brännvall, Evelina; Nordmark, Désirée; Bjurström, Henrik; Andreas, Lale; Lagerkvist, Anders; Ecke, Holger

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.06.011

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…TGA measurements ( Table 2) also show that a significant part of the carbon is elemental or inorganic; 18%±1% of the total carbon is organic carbon, 73%±8% elemental and 10%±7% is inorganic carbon. This means that the biological activity of this waste is overestimated when using only TOC or LOI analysis, as discussed in earlier studies (Kumpiene et al 2011), and as supported by RA4 and GB21 analysis.…”

Section: Biological Activitysupporting

confidence: 56%

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Float-Sink Separation of Construction and Demolition Waste Fines

2018

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Landfilling and waste incineration are two major waste management options. However, due to their carbon content, some wastes may be unsuitable for these systems. Therefore, methods capable of removing organic carbon from wastes should be identified. One of these wastes is represented by construction and demolition fines. In this paper, we investigate the use of water in separating the waste by density, to verify the suitability of this method in the separation of carbon-containing materials, both in lab and field scale tests. The results obtained show that half of the carbon (measured as volatile solids) can be separated. However, this method fails to reliably produce a sink fraction suitable for landfilling, as it continues to be characterized by an excessively high organic material content.

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Section: Biological Activitysupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The gas flow was 100ml min -1 . Elemental carbon content was calculated according to (Kumpiene, Robinson et al 2011) using GNU Octave v. 4.2.1 to calculate the integrals.…”

Section: Characterization Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Float-Sink Separation of Construction and Demolition Waste Fines

2018

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“…The initial mass loss from room temperature to 150 ºC was due to loss of moisture and volatilization of very light volatile materials (Stage I). However, the main differences between feedstock, pyrochars and hydrochars were observed from 200 to 650 ºC when combustion of organic carbon takes place (Stage II) [ 42]. Two regions could be differentiated [ 41]: the first one, from 200 to 375 ºC, is attributed to the decomposition/combustion of light compounds and carbohydrates such as cellulose or hemicellulose while the second one, from 375 to 600-650 ºC, is related to the combustion of more stable structures with high molecular weight [ 43] in conjunction with combustion of refractory carbon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermogravimetric analysis and carbon stability of chars produced from slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization of manure waste

Cárdenas-Aguiar

Gascó

Paz‐Ferreiro

et al. 2019

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Large amounts of manure waste are produced worldwide. Land application of manure waste is the most common approach to valorization. This practice has severa! environmental concerns, including pathogen spreading, emissions of odorous chemicals (ammonia or methane) and the pollution of waterbodies with nitrogen and phosphorous compounds. The pyrolysis of manure for biochar production has been tested as a useful treatment to avoid these concerns but the high moisture of sorne wastes hinders its thermo-chemical valorisation in the absence of a pre-drying step. Recently, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of wet biomass has been identified as a cost-effective valorisation method of biomass without the need for energy-intensive drying processes. The objective of this study is to compare the properties of pyrochars and hydrochars prepared from thermal treatment of rabbit manure (MW). Pyrochars were prepared at 450 ºC (BMW450) and 600 ºC (BMW600) and hydrochars were obtained using a rabbit manure solution (solid:water ratio 30:70) that was heated at 190 ºC (HMWl 90) and 240 ºC (HMW240). The final temperature was maintained during 1 h for pyrochars and 6 h for hydrochars. Results showed that HTC generated more micro-, meso-and macro-porosity than pyrolysis. Pyrochar produced at 600 ºC possessed a high thermal, chemical and biological stability, probably due to its highly aromatic structure. Hydrochars (HMWl 90 and HMW240) were predominantly aliphatic, and this was associated to a lower chemical and thermal stability than pyrochars. The germination index values indicated that the pyrochar BMW450 and the two hydrochars were highly phytotoxic while pyrochar MWB600 presented a moderate phytotoxicity, which was lower than the manure waste. Finally, C0 2 emissions of different materials after 60 days followed the order: MW > HMW190 > HMW240 > BMW450 > BMW600. Specifically, pyrolysis evolved C0 2 was reduced between 97.8-88.7% with respect to raw material after pyrolysis. The HTC treatment diminished evolved C0 2 between 68.8 -59.0%, with respect to the manure. These results indicate that both processes can be considered as carbon fixation technologies.

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“…All these carbon forms have distinct chemical properties and possible environmental effects. Elemental carbon is practically insoluble, whereas soluble carbon forms can complex with chemical elements in waste and in natural materials, thereby increasing element leaching (Kumpiene et al 2011). Ashes are often considered to be suitable as construction materials when the stability of structures and their environmental impacts are crucial factors.…”

Section: Extractable Concentrations Of Compounds In Ashes With Respecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Risk Evaluation of Using Bottom Ash and Fly Ash as a Construction Material

Manskinen

Nurmesniemi

Pöykiö

2012

J. Hazard. Toxic Radioact. Waste

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As a case study, the potential to use bottom ash and fly ash from a large-sized (120 MW) bubbling fluidized bed boiler (BFB) at the power plant of a fluting board mill were assessed to determine their suitability for use as an earth construction agent. In addition, the extractability of heavy metals in the ashes was determined using artificial sweat and gastric fluids to assess the potential occupational risk from ash handling. Owing to the relatively high total concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [23:0 mg=kg; dry weight (d.w.)], and the extractable concentrations of Mo (3:9 mg=kg; d.w.) and Se (0:2 mg=kg; d.w.) in the fly ash, which exceed the Finnish limit values for materials used in covered earth construction (20 mg=kg; d.w. for PAHs, 0:5 mg=kg; d.w. for Mo, and 0:1 mg=kg; d.w. for Se), the utilization of this ash residue fraction in such structures requires an environmental permit. Because of the high extractability of certain heavy metals in fly ash by using an artificial gastric fluid, e.g., Ba (446 mg=kg; d.w.), V (65:6 mg=kg; d.w.), Zn (100 mg=kg; d.w.), Cu (38:3 mg=kg; d.w.), and As (36:7 mg=kg; d.w.), the careful handling of this ash residue is recommended to prevent the ingestion and penetration of ash particles across the human gastrointestinal tract.

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Carbon speciation in ash, residual waste and contaminated soil by thermal and chemical analyses

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Float-Sink Separation of Construction and Demolition Waste Fines

Float-Sink Separation of Construction and Demolition Waste Fines

Thermogravimetric analysis and carbon stability of chars produced from slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization of manure waste

Occupational Risk Evaluation of Using Bottom Ash and Fly Ash as a Construction Material

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