Carbon sorbents and their utilization for the preconcentration of organic pollutants in environmental samples

Matisová, Eva; Škrabáková, S.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(95)00347-p

Cited by 176 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…In practice, such high temperatures result in compound thermodestruction and condensation, leading to major compound losses. For instance, rearrangement of monoterpenes at high temperatures needed for desorption has been noted for adsorbents with high surface area such as polymeric adsorbents (Chromosorb 101,103,105,106, and Ambersorb XE340, surface area 400-800 m 2 g −1 ) as well as for carbon molecular sieves (Spherocarb with surface area of 730 m 2 g −1 , Carboxen 569 with surface area of 485 m 2 g −1 ) (Cao and Hewitt, 1993;Coeur et al, 1997;Matisová andŠkrabáková, 1995;Riba et al, 1985). Decomposition of monoterpenes at high temperatures has also been noted for strong graphitized carbon based adsorbents such as Carbotrap B (surface area 100 m 2 g −1 ) (Cao and Hewitt, 1993;Rothweiler et al, 1991) and for carbon molecular sieves such as Carboxen 569 .…”

Section: Caveats With Sampling On Cartridgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimations of isoprenoid emission capacity from enclosure studies: measurements, data processing, quality and standardized measurement protocols

Niinemets

Kühn²,

Harley³

et al. 2011

Biogeosciences

184

145

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Abstract. The capacity for volatile isoprenoid production under standardized environmental conditions at a certain time (E S , the emission factor) is a key characteristic in constructing isoprenoid emission inventories. However, there is large variation in published E S estimates for any given species partly driven by dynamic modifications in E S due to acclimation and stress responses. Here we review additional sources of variation in E S estimates that are due to measurement and analytical techniques and calculation and averaging procedures, and demonstrate that estimations of E S critically depend on applied experimental protocols and on data processing and reporting. A great variety of experimental setups has been used in the past, contributing to study-toCorrespondence to:Ü. Niinemets (ylo.niinemets@emu.ee) study variations in E S estimates. We suggest that past experimental data should be distributed into broad quality classes depending on whether the data can or cannot be considered quantitative based on rigorous experimental standards. Apart from analytical issues, the accuracy of E S values is strongly driven by extrapolation and integration errors introduced during data processing. Additional sources of error, especially in meta-database construction, can further arise from inconsistent use of units and expression bases of E S . We propose a standardized experimental protocol for BVOC estimations and highlight basic meta-information that we strongly recommend to report with any E S measurement. We conclude that standardization of experimental and calculation protocols and critical examination of past reports is essential for development of accurate emission factor databases.

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Section: Caveats With Sampling On Cartridgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimations of isoprenoid emission capacity from enclosure studies: measurements, data processing, quality and standardized measurement protocols

Niinemets

Kühn²,

Harley³

et al. 2011

Biogeosciences

184

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Graphitized carbon support 26 with high specific surface area 27 that was suitable for the preconcentration of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons 28 and other organic compounds from water 29 and environmental samples 30 was provided by Professor Dusan Berek (Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia). Zein-coated carbon stationary phase was prepared by dissolving 2 g of zein in 200 ml 2-propanol-water 7:3 v/v mixtures at 70˚C under continuous gentle stirring.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding of Some Environmental Pollutants to Corn Protein Zein Studied by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

et al. 2003

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“…Once the desired amount has been vacuumed into the tube, the other side is also plugged with wool and a screen. Typically, tube preconcentrators hold up to 10 mg of adsorbent granules and the diameter of the granules is 500 µm in order to avoid prohibitively high pressure drops across the adsorbents [64] [55]. From our own experiments with constructing glass tube preconcentrators, we found that for low adsorbent masses < 1 mg the pressure drop can be significantly determined by the glass wool packing density.…”

Section: Existing Adsorbent Loading Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample extraction and injection with a microscale preconcentrator.

Robinson

Chan²

2007

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This report details the development of a microfabricated preconcentrator that functions as a fully integrated chemical extractor-injector for a microscale gas chromatograph (GC). The device enables parts-per-billion detection and quantitative analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air with size and power advantages over macro-scale systems. The 44 mm 3 preconcentrator extracts VOCs using highly adsorptive, granular forms of graphitized carbon black and carbon molecular sieves. The micron-sized silicon cavities have integrated heating and temperature sensing allowing low power, yet rapid heating to thermally desorb the collected VOCs (GC injection). The keys to device construction are a new adsorbent-solvent filling technique and solvent-tolerant wafer-level silicon-gold eutectic bonding technology. The product is the first granular adsorbent preconcentrator integrated at the wafer level. Other advantages include exhaustive VOC extraction and injection peak widths an order of magnitude narrower than predecessor prototypes. A mass transfer model, the first for any microscale preconcentrator, is developed to describe both adsorption and desorption behaviors. The physically intuitive model uses implicit and explicit finite differences to numerically solve the required partial differential equations. The model is applied to the adsorption and desorption of decane at various concentrations to extract Langmuir adsorption isotherm parameters from effluent curve measurements where properties are unknown a priori.

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Carbon sorbents and their utilization for the preconcentration of organic pollutants in environmental samples

Cited by 176 publications

References 106 publications

Estimations of isoprenoid emission capacity from enclosure studies: measurements, data processing, quality and standardized measurement protocols

Estimations of isoprenoid emission capacity from enclosure studies: measurements, data processing, quality and standardized measurement protocols

Binding of Some Environmental Pollutants to Corn Protein Zein Studied by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Sample extraction and injection with a microscale preconcentrator.

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