Carbon sequestration research and development

Reichle, D.E.; Houghton, J. T.; Kane, Bob; Ekmann, Jim; Benson, Sally M.; Clarke, J. F.; Dahlman, R.C.; Hendrey, George R.; Herzog, Howard J.; Hunter-Cevera, Jennie; Jacobs, G.K.; Judkins, Rod; Ogden, Joan M.; Palmisano, Anna C.; Socolow, Robert H.; Stringer, J.; Surles, Terry; Wolsky, A.M.; Woodward, Nicholas B.; York, Michael

doi:10.2172/810722

Cited by 113 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Geologic carbon sequestration is one strategy for reducing the rate of increase of global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations (IEA, 1997;Reichle, 1999). As used here, the term geologic carbon sequestration refers to the direct injection of liquid or supercritical CO 2 deep into subsurface geologic formations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Leakage and Seepage from Geologic Carbon Sequestration Sites: Unsaturated Zone Attenuation

Oldenburg

Unger

2003

Vadose Zone Journal

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Geologic carbon sequestration is the direct injection of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into deep geologic formations for permanent disposal. Although numerous trapping mechanisms exist in the subsurface, it is possible that CO 2 will leak from the primary sequestration target and seep out of the ground. The unsaturated zone has the potential to attenuate leaking CO 2 and decrease seepage and near-surface CO 2 concentrations. Attenuation processes include permeability trapping, ponding as dense CO 2 spreads out on the water table, solubility trapping by infiltrating or residual water, and dilution through mixing with ambient soil gas. Numerical simulations of CO 2 flowing upward through a thick model unsaturated zone were carried out to investigate the sensitivity of various unsaturated zone properties on CO 2 seepage flux and near-surface CO 2 gas concentrations. These two quantities are considered drivers for health and environmental risk due to exposure to CO 2 . For the conceptual model considered, seepage flux and near-surface CO 2 gas concentrations are most strongly controlled by the leakage rate at the water table, followed by the source zone radius. Permeability and permeability anisotropy, as well as porosity and infiltration rate are also important, although to a lesser degree. Barometric pumping causes local maxima in seepage flux and near-surface CO 2 concentrations, but has negligible effect in a time-averaged sense. When the leakage source is turned off, the CO 2 plume attentuates through dissolution into infiltrating water.For the case of a constant leakage rate, the unsaturated zone can attenuate low leakage fluxes but should not be expected to attenuate large CO 2 leakage fluxes.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Leakage and Seepage from Geologic Carbon Sequestration Sites: Unsaturated Zone Attenuation

Oldenburg

Unger

2003

Vadose Zone Journal

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“…Carbon capture and storage are considered to be one of the mitigating strategies for reducing CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere [1][2][3]. Among various carbon capture and storage technologies, CO 2 can be injected into geologically stable formations, which typically have large storage capacities and are capped by low-permeability sealing formations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂ Leakage-Induced Contamination in Shallow Potable Aquifer and Associated Health Risk Assessment

et al. 2018

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Leakage of stored CO 2 from a designated deep reservoir could contaminate overlying shallow potable aquifers by dissolution of arsenic-bearing minerals. To elucidate CO 2 leakage-induced arsenic contamination, 2D multispecies reactive transport models were developed and CO 2 leakage processes were simulated in the shallow groundwater aquifer. Throughout a series of numerical simulations, it was revealed that the movement of leaked CO 2 was primarily governed by local flow fields within the shallow potable aquifer. The induced low-pH plume caused dissolution of aquifer minerals and sequentially increased permeabilities of the aquifer; in particular, the most drastic increase in permeability appeared at the rear margin of CO 2 plume where two different types of groundwater mixed. The distribution of total arsenic (∑As) plume was similar to the one for the arsenopyrite dissolution. The breakthrough curve of ∑As monitored at the municipal well was utilized to quantify the human health risk. In addition, sensitivity studies were conducted with different sorption rates of arsenic species, CO 2 leakage rates, and horizontal permeability in the aquifer. In conclusion, the human health risk was influenced by the shape of ∑As plume, which was, in turn, affected by the characteristics of CO 2 plume behavior such as horizontal permeability and CO 2 leakage rate.

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“…1 The increased emission of CO 2 and resulting greenhouse effect have been implicated in global warming. 2 Geological sequestration of CO 2 is a technology to mitigate the amount of carbon dioxide, in accordance with the Kyoto Protocol, entering the atmosphere by capturing and storing the CO 2 from industrial emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hydromechanical approach to assess CO2 injection-induced surface uplift and caprock deflection

Barès

Laloui

2015

Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment

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h i g h l i g h t s• A semi-analytical solution is proposed to assess CO 2 injection in deformable medium.• Good agreement is found between the proposed solution and the finite element method.• Geomechanical interactions between a caprock and adjacent regions are examined.• The surface uplift measured at In Salah can be reproduced by the proposed solution.a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tThis study focuses on the derivation of a semi-analytical approach for the evaluation of surface uplift and caprock deflection induced by underground injection of CO 2 . The adopted methodology includes the development of a mathematical model that incorporates the deformable behaviour of the storage reservoir and the flow of two immiscible fluids (CO 2 and brine) within the aquifer while the surface rock or the caprock layer is modelled as a thin plate. Governing equations are solved for the axisymmetric flexural deflection due to a constant rate of CO 2 injection. Both developed solutions are applied to a representative CO 2 storage case solved numerically by the finite element method, and good agreement between results is observed. When benchmarking to the In Salah surface uplift, the developed semi-analytical approach can capture a high rate of surface uplift caused by the pressure build-up during the early stage of CO 2 injection. The required calculation time is very short compared to a classical finite element approach. This method can be employed as a design tool for the analysis of uncertainty in parameters such as the injection rate, porosity, rock properties and geological structures. This semi-analytical approach also provides an efficient means of estimating the influence of high injection rates of CO 2 on surface uplift.

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Carbon sequestration research and development

Cited by 113 publications

References 23 publications

On Leakage and Seepage from Geologic Carbon Sequestration Sites: Unsaturated Zone Attenuation

On Leakage and Seepage from Geologic Carbon Sequestration Sites: Unsaturated Zone Attenuation

CO₂ Leakage-Induced Contamination in Shallow Potable Aquifer and Associated Health Risk Assessment

A hydromechanical approach to assess CO2 injection-induced surface uplift and caprock deflection

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Carbon sequestration research and development

Cited by 113 publications

References 23 publications

On Leakage and Seepage from Geologic Carbon Sequestration Sites: Unsaturated Zone Attenuation

On Leakage and Seepage from Geologic Carbon Sequestration Sites: Unsaturated Zone Attenuation

CO2 Leakage-Induced Contamination in Shallow Potable Aquifer and Associated Health Risk Assessment

A hydromechanical approach to assess CO2 injection-induced surface uplift and caprock deflection

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Product

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CO₂ Leakage-Induced Contamination in Shallow Potable Aquifer and Associated Health Risk Assessment