Carbon savings resulting from the cooling effect of green areas: A case study in Beijing

Lin, Wenshi; Wu, Tinghai; Zhang, Chengguo; Yu, Ting

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.035

“…It is sensible to exploit natural wind patterns, as this can lower the temperature [34]. The heat of direct solar radiation is accumulated in building masses, which affects the heat of the environment, also with a time lag, while the relationship between solar energy and heat accumulation depends on the albedo of the material used on building surfaces.…”

Section: Orientation Of Buildings' Axes In Approx N-s Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vegetation canopies cool the environment by providing shade and by transpiration of water through leaves [30]; evapotranspiration can transform a large portion of incoming solar radiation to the surface, which otherwise contributes to the underground heat storage, into latent heat, and makes the ground surface cooler [31]. Increasing the vegetation land cover could considerably reduce surface temperatures [32]; trees of a height of 5-10 m or thick hedges of a height of 1.5 m help to control the overheating of surfaces in buildings [33]; green areas reduce airconditioning energy use and avoid carbon emission [34]. The cooling extent of a green area is also In the sense of urban metabolism at both sites, there are no key elements (population density is low and so the number of elements influencing the metabolism is also low) that would affect overheating or any other parameters.…”

Section: Green Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing the vegetation land cover could considerably reduce surface temperatures [32]; trees of a height of 5-10 m or thick hedges of a height of 1.5 m help to control the overheating of surfaces in buildings [33]; green areas reduce air-conditioning energy use and avoid carbon emission [34]. The cooling extent of a green area is also affected by the features of its surrounding areas, such as the density of buildings, the height/weight ratio, direction of streets, and the existence of plants [34].…”

Section: Green Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Morphological Features on Summer Temperature Variations on the Example of Two Residential Neighborhoods in Ljubljana, Slovenia

Fikfak

¹

,

Kosanović

²

,

Konjar

³

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The study conducted in this paper is focused on a predominantly residential area of the City of Ljubljana-Koseze, which is characterized by generally favorable (bio)climatic conditions. Nonetheless, thermal satellite images showed that residential neighborhoods within the Koseze district display unexpected variations in summer temperatures. This observation called into question the benefits of existing bioclimatic features and indicated the need to investigate and compare two neighborhoods with similar urban parameters, with the aim to identify morphological differential characteristics impacting urban heat island (UHI) intensity. By applying the study methodology based on a literature review, surveys of key precedents, detailed mapping in two Koseze locations, in situ measurements, observations and recordings, thermal imagery, and the analyses of statistical data, as well as by defining the four main categories of morphological urban parameters-structure, cover, fabric and metabolism, it was concluded that both neighborhoods have common morphological elements mitigating the UHI effect. Additionally, it was found that the neighborhood with higher UHI intensity has several less favorable features, such as busier roads, larger surface of parking corridors, and the existence of underground parking space. The traffic as an element of urban morphology hence represents the main cause of differences among UHI levels in the two Koseze neighborhoods.

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“…Vegetation canopies cool the environment by providing shade and by transpiration of water through leaves [30]; evapotranspiration can transform a large portion of incoming solar radiation to the surface, which otherwise contributes to the underground heat storage, into latent heat, and makes the ground surface cooler [31]. Increasing the vegetation land cover could considerably reduce surface temperatures [32]; trees of a height of 5-10 m or thick hedges of a height of 1.5 m help to control the overheating of surfaces in buildings [33]; green areas reduce airconditioning energy use and avoid carbon emission [34]. The cooling extent of a green area is also affected by the features of its surrounding areas, such as the density of buildings, the height/weight ratio, direction of streets, and the existence of plants [34].…”

Section: Green Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Morphological Features on Summer Temperature Variations on the Example of two Residential Neighborhoods in Ljubljana, Slovenia

Fikfak¹,

Kosanović²,

Konjar³

et al. 2017

Preprint

6

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The study conducted in this paper is focused on a predominantly residential area of the City of Ljubljana-Koseze, which is characterized by generally favorable (bio)climatic conditions. Nonetheless, thermal satellite images showed that residential neighborhoods within the Koseze district display unexpected variations in summer temperatures. This observation called into question the benefits of existing bioclimatic features and indicated the need to investigate and compare two neighborhoods with similar urban parameters, with the aim to identify morphological differential characteristics impacting urban heat island (UHI) intensity. By applying the study methodology based on a literature review, surveys of key precedents, detailed mapping in two Koseze locations, in situ measurements, observations and recordings, thermal imagery, and the analyses of statistical data, as well as by defining the four main categories of morphological urban parameters-structure, cover, fabric and metabolism, it was concluded that both neighborhoods have common morphological elements mitigating the UHI effect. Additionally, it was found that the neighborhood with higher UHI intensity has several less favorable features, such as busier roads, larger surface of parking corridors, and the existence of underground parking space. The traffic as an element of urban morphology hence represents the main cause of differences among UHI levels in the two Koseze neighborhoods.

show abstract

“…In Beijing, urban carbon cycle studies have primarily focused on ambient concentrations and emission inventories [26,66,74] and have applied various methods, such as the gas chromatography technique [84], the emission inventories method [23,67,85], input-output models [55,70,86], statistical methods [69,74], the LULC empirical coefficients method [16,82], and the eddy covariance (EC) technique [66]. Usually, the carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion accompany oxygen consumption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Carbon and Oxygen Balances in Urban Ecosystems Using Land Use/Land Cover and Statistical Data

Yin

¹

,

Lu

²

,

Tian

³

et al. 2014

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Urban areas play an important role in the global carbon cycle, and human-induced carbon emissions from urban areas urgently need to be reduced. Therefore, understanding the relationship between carbon sources and sinks is the first step toward mitigating the effect of urban areas on climate change. Combined with the land use and land cover (LULC) empirical coefficients and statistical methods, urban carbon and oxygen balances in Beijing were evaluated. In this study, the carbon sequestration and oxygen emission capabilities of various LULC types were calculated, and the partitioning of carbon emissions and oxygen consumption in Beijing were estimated. The evaluation results indicated that the ecosystem services from the LULC in an area were not adequate to offset the urban carbon emissions and oxygen consumption. The areas with a high capacity for carbon sequestration and oxygen emissions were primarily distributed in the exurban districts of Beijing, and the carbon and oxygen balances in the exurban districts were superior to those of core urban areas. Industrial fossil fuel consumption dominated all of the human-induced carbon sources. The methods developed in this research were shown to be viable for the quantitative evaluation of urban ecosystem carbon and oxygen balances. OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 196

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Carbon savings resulting from the cooling effect of green areas: A case study in Beijing

Cited by 40 publications

References 20 publications

The Impact of Morphological Features on Summer Temperature Variations on the Example of Two Residential Neighborhoods in Ljubljana, Slovenia

The Impact of Morphological Features on Summer Temperature Variations on the Example of Two Residential Neighborhoods in Ljubljana, Slovenia

The Impact of Morphological Features on Summer Temperature Variations on the Example of two Residential Neighborhoods in Ljubljana, Slovenia

Evaluation of Carbon and Oxygen Balances in Urban Ecosystems Using Land Use/Land Cover and Statistical Data

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