Carbon recovery and re-utilization (CRR) from the exhaust of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC): Analysis through a proof-of-concept

Santarelli, Massimo; Briesemeister, L.; Gandiglio, Marta; Herrmann, Stephan; Kuczyński, Paweł; Kupecki, Jakub; Lanzini, Andrea; Llovell, Fèlix; Papurello, Davide; Spliethoff, Hartmut; Świątkowski, B.; Torres-Sanglas, J.; Vega, Lourdes F.

doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2017.01.014

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Fuel cells, in particular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, can be seen as a potential alternative to traditional ICEs in WWTPs (Gandiglio et al, 2013;Tjaden et al, 2014;Curletti et al, 2015;D'Andrea et al, 2017;Rillo et al, 2017;Santarelli et al, 2017).…”

Section: Solid Oxide Fuel Cells As a Best Practice For Biogas Exploitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Energy Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants through Co-digestion and Fuel Cell Systems

Gandiglio

Lanzini

Soto

et al. 2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

106

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The present work provides an overview of technological measures to increase the self-sufficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), in particular for the largely diffused activated sludge-based WWTP. The operation of WWTPs entails a huge amount of electricity. Thermal energy is also required for pre-heating the sludge and sometimes exsiccation of the digested sludge. On the other hand, the entering organic matter contained in the wastewater is a source of energy. Organic matter is recovered as sludge, which is digested in large stirred tanks (anaerobic digester) to produce biogas. The onsite availability of biogas represents a great opportunity to cover a significant share of WWTP electricity and thermal demands. Especially, biogas can be efficiently converted into electrical energy (and heat) via high temperature fuel cell generators. The final part of this work will report a case study based on the use of sewage biogas into a solid oxide fuel cell. However, the efficient biogas conversion in combined heat and power (CHP) devices is not sufficient. Self-sufficiency requires a combination of efficient biogas conversion, the maximization the yield of biogas from the organic substrate, and the minimization of the thermal duty connected to the preheating of the sludge feeding the anaerobic digester (generally achieved with pre-thickeners). Finally, the co-digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) into digesters treating sludge from WWTPs represent an additional opportunity for increasing the biogas production of existing WWTPs, thus helping the transition toward self-sufficient plants.

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Section: Solid Oxide Fuel Cells As a Best Practice For Biogas Exploitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Energy Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants through Co-digestion and Fuel Cell Systems

Gandiglio

Lanzini

Soto

et al. 2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

106

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“…The gas employed during the physical activation was carbon dioxide (as activating agents). Carbon dioxide was chosen to simulate the coupling between the char production test-rig and SOFCs engine exhausts, mainly composed by carbon dioxide [10,11,24]. The activation step is required to improve the number of active sites.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electric power management of the oven has been accomplished using a PID (proportionalintegral-derivative controller), Horst temperature regulator model HT MC1 (Lorsch, Germany). The temperature was fixed in an interval range from 200 to 600 • C. These low-temperature values were selected to simulate a direct coupling with SOFC engine gas exhausts, see [10,23,24]. The operating temperature was communicated through a thermocouple (k-thermocouple, Tersid, Milan, Italy).…”

Section: H2s Adsorption Capacity Test Benchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among several techniques used for sulphur compound removal, such as iron chloride precipitation, metal oxide adsorption, membrane permeation, chemical absorption, and biological methods [1,8,9], adsorption onto activated carbons is considered safe, reliable, efficient and sustainable. Sustainability is a function of the starting material [10,11]. a circular economy is an ever-green approach used for material and energy-saving [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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H2S Removal with Sorbent Obtained from Sewage Sludges

et al. 2020

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Biochar obtained from sewage sludges are adopted for biogas cleaning. Sewage sludges are treated considering temperature, dwell time, activating agent, heating, and flow rate. The best performances achieved are registered considering the char produced at 400 °C using CO2 as an activating agent with a dwell time of 2 h. The adsorption capacity for the biogas cleaning CH4/CO2/H2S (20 ppm(v)) increased from 1.3 mg/g to 5.9 mg/g with the bed height. Future research with chemical activation processes will be made to improve the adsorption capacity achieved to produce cheaper sorbents than commercial ones.

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“…The SOFC exhaust gases mostly contain CO 2 and H 2 O. Potential exists for the capture and storage of these gases for further application, such as the electrochemical conversion of CO 2 into CO (Ibram, 2018) or to feed a photobioreactor (Santarelli et al, 2017).…”

Section: Gasifier-sofc Integrated Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gasifier, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Integrated Systems for Energy Production From Wet Biomass

2019

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Nowadays, there is worldwide interest in diversifying energy supply. In this regard, biomass is the best possible renewable organic substitute for fossil fuels. In particular, the energy content of very wet biomass, recovered with appropriate technology, could potentially be used for power generation. In addition to power generation, this technology would represent a sanitary option to improve the quality of public health and the environment. Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a technology applied for the conversion of wet biomass into gas. It uses the specific physical properties of water at supercritical conditions to decompose the organic matter. However, near 100% conversion, close to thermodynamic equilibrium, of real biomass into gas is not yet demonstrated. The conversion is higher at dry biomass concentrations below 10 wt.%, but at these conditions, the system is not energetically sustainable. The conversion depends on the SCWG operating conditions and the properties of the catalyst. Because of present-day technical limitations, the conversion efficiency in SCWG is low when fed with real biomass. The net electrical efficiency of a combined system SCWG-solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), fed with fecal sludge at 15 wt.% dry biomass, reaches between 50 and 70% (thermodynamically calculated values), whereas utilizing an SCWG designed with present-day engineering gives 29-40%. The SOFC fuel utilization influences the system efficiency significantly, as the processed heat available for the heat integration depends on fuel utilization. The extreme operating conditions of an SCWG-based system cause technical limitations toward reaching complete conversion during gasification. An efficient and stable catalyst is not yet available at competitive costs for low-temperature SCWG of real biomass. Intensive research in different gasification-SOFC system configurations that include the integration of complementary processes, such as the electrochemical oxidation of higher hydrocarbons or the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 and H 2 O, will increase the potential of the gasification-SOFC system for commercialization in medium scale in the future and become a technology that provides economic, environmental, and health benefits.

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Carbon recovery and re-utilization (CRR) from the exhaust of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC): Analysis through a proof-of-concept

Cited by 42 publications

References 12 publications

Enhancing the Energy Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants through Co-digestion and Fuel Cell Systems

Enhancing the Energy Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants through Co-digestion and Fuel Cell Systems

H2S Removal with Sorbent Obtained from Sewage Sludges

Gasifier, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Integrated Systems for Energy Production From Wet Biomass

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