Carbon Pneumoconiosis

Miller, A. A.; Ramsden, F.

doi:10.1136/oem.18.2.103

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…It was found that quartz could contribute to CWP development in general but acts independent of coal dusts (Borm & Tran, 2002;Walton et al, 1977). Moreover, pneumoconiosis was also found in coal trimmers who shoveled coal that contained little or no silica and in graphite and carbon electrode workers who were exposed to carbonaceous materials free of silica (Lister & Wimborne, 1972;Miller & Ramsden< 1961). Since the presence of silica or silicates was found not to be necessary for the development of pneumoconiosis, the question arises of what other factor(s) in the coal dust is responsible for the disease.…”

Section: Chemical Characteristics Thought To Be Important In Coal Dusmentioning

confidence: 96%

Understanding the Chemical Properties of Macerals and Minerals in Coal and its Potential Application for Occupational Lung Disease Prevention

Huang

Finkelman

2008

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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Recent increases in oil price further strengthen the argument that coal and coal products will play an increasingly important role in fulfilling the energy needs of our society. Coal is an aggregate of heterogeneous substances composed of organic (macerals) and inorganic (minerals) materials. The objective of this review was to assess whether some chemical parameters in coal play a role in producing environmental health problems. Basic properties of coal--such as chemical forms of the organic materials, structure, compositions of minerals--vary from one coal mine region to another as well as from coals of different ranks. Most importantly, changes in chemical properties of coals due to exposure to air and humidity after mining--a dynamic process--significantly affect toxicity attributed to coal and environmental fate. Although coal is an extremely complex and heterogeneous material, the fundamental properties of coal responsible for environmental and adverse health problems are probably related to the same inducing components of coal. For instance, oxidation of pyrite (FeS2) in the coal forms iron sulfate and sulfuric acid, which produces occupational lung diseases (e.g., pneumoconiosis) and other environmental problems (e.g., acid mine drainage and acid rain). Calcite (CaCO3) contained in certain coals alters the end products of pyrite oxidation, which may make these coals less toxic to human inhalation and less hazardous to environmental pollution. Finally, knowledge gained on understanding of the chemical properties of coals is illustrated to apply for prediction of toxicity due to coal possibly before large-scale mining and prevention of occupational lung disease during mining.

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Section: Chemical Characteristics Thought To Be Important In Coal Dusmentioning

confidence: 96%

Understanding the Chemical Properties of Macerals and Minerals in Coal and its Potential Application for Occupational Lung Disease Prevention

Huang

Finkelman

2008

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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“…Unfortunately, the data in the few cases known are incomplete; for example, it is generally not stated whether the dust samples were collected from airborne or deposited dust. As regards particle size therefore, the figures are not very helpful but Ruttner's was 3 , to over 30 ,u, Meiklejohn's mainly less than 2 ,t, and Miller and Ramsden (1961) found it generally less than 0 5 ,u, compared with our median figure of 8-5 ,u. As for ash content, the synthetic graphite in Riittner's case contained 0-085 %, and Meiklejohn mentions three different types of carbon, i.e. "…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Carbon Pneumoconiosis in a Synthetic Graphite Worker

Lister

1961

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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“…There is also evidence that pure carbon dust could give rise to a pneumoconiosis. Miller and Ramsden (1961) describe a man who handled carbon black for 21 years. He had massive fibrosis in the upper lobes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphite pneumoconiosis

Ranasinha¹,

Uragoda²

1972

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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. Graphite pneumoconiosis. In this survey, which is the first of its kind in the graphite industry, 344 workers in a large mine in Ceylon were investigated for pulmonary lesions; 22*7 % of them had radiographic abnormalities, which included small rounded and irregular opacities, large opacities, and significant enlargement of hilar shadows. They had worked considerably longer in the industry and were, on average, older than the rest. Only 192 % of the affected workers had respiratory symptoms, of which dyspnoea and cough were the most frequent. Digital clubbing was seen in 21P9 %.In Graphite is crystalline carbon. It is also known as plumbago as it was originally mistaken for lead. It is used in lead pencils, foundry linings, paints, electrodes, and dry batteries, and in making crucibles for metallurgical purposes. Finely powdered graphite is also employed as a lubricant. The best quality product on the world market comes from Ceylon and Madagascar. The Ceylon mineral may reach a degree of purity as high as 98 % and is especially in demand for purposes where quality graphite is required, as in the manufacture of crucibles.

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Carbon Pneumoconiosis

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Understanding the Chemical Properties of Macerals and Minerals in Coal and its Potential Application for Occupational Lung Disease Prevention

Understanding the Chemical Properties of Macerals and Minerals in Coal and its Potential Application for Occupational Lung Disease Prevention

Carbon Pneumoconiosis in a Synthetic Graphite Worker

Graphite pneumoconiosis

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