Carbon Partitioning in Eelgrass (Regulation by Photosynthesis and the Response to Daily Light-Dark Cycles)

Zimmerman, Richard C.; Kohrs, Donald G.; Steller, Diana L.; Alberte, Randall S.

doi:10.1104/pp.108.4.1665

Cited by 62 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…5. FW: fresh weight bolic carbon balance (Zimmerman et al 2015) derived from short-term laboratory experiments performed with other eelgrass populations from cool ocean climates (Zimmerman et al 1995, 1997, Palacios & Zimmerman 2007. Thus, rather than acting in a neutral fashion or as an independent stressor, it appears that ocean carbonation (ocean acidification) can serve as a quantitative antagonist to counter the negative impact of climate warming on eelgrass growth and survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass Zostera marina

Zimmerman¹,

Hill²,

Jinuntuya³

et al. 2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass Zostera marina

Zimmerman¹,

Hill²,

Jinuntuya³

et al. 2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The increased activity of root SS in the 7 h Hs,, plants at 30 d may represent a stress response to increase the sink strength of severely carbon limited tissues, as has been described previously in eelgrass and maize in response to anoxia (Freeling & Bennett 1985, McCarty et al 1986, Xue et al 1991, Zirnmerman et al 1995b. Leaf SPS activity, which controls sucrose loading from photosynthetic sources (Huber et al 1985), is unresponsive to shifts in light availability or photosynthetic rate in carbon-replete eelgrass, unlike many terrestrial plant species (Zimmerman et al 1995a). However, the significant increase in SPS activity reported here for 7 h H,,, plants at 45 d may provide another indicator of severe carbon stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacity for sucrose formation and export from leaves was evaluated by measuring the maximum velocity (V,,,) activity of SPS in crude extracts (Zimmerman et al 1995a). Sink strength of translocation-dependent roots, as measured by SS activity, was assayed in the youngest root bundle emerging from each shoot (Zimmernian et al 1995a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource allocation and sucrose mobilization in light-limited eelgrass Zostera marina

Alcoverro¹,

Zimmerman²,

Kohrs³

et al. 1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

109

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This study evaluated the abihty ot Zostera marma L (eelgrass) to balance the daily photosynthetic deflc~t by mobilization of carbon reserves stored In below-ground tlssues durlng a period of extreme w n t e r llght lln~itation A quantitative understand~ng of the mobllizat~on process and its hmltatlons is essential to the development of robust models predict~ng mnimuni llght levels r e q u~r e d to nialntaln healthy seagrass populatlons Plants were grown m runnlng seawater tanks under 2 llght reglrnes One treatment was provlded wlth 2 h irradiance-saturated photosynthes~s (H,,,) to produce severe llght limitation, whlle control plants were grown under 7 h H,,, simulating the typical w~n t e rtune condition In Monterey Bay, California, USA Although plants maintained under 2 h H,,, were more severely carbon h m t e d than plants grown under 3 h H,,, whole-plant carbon balance calculated from metabohc needs and growth rates was negative for both Q,, treatments The eelgrass studied here responded to negative carbon balances by suppressing the product~on of new roots, depleting sucrose reserves and effecting a gradual decrease In growth rate a n d a n Increase In the activlty of sucrose synthase (SS, E C 2 4 1 13) in s~n k tlssues in the termnal stages of carbon stress The 3 h H,,, plants survlved the 45 d course of the expenment while the plants grown under 2 h H,,, died within 30 d even though one-thlrd of the11 carbon reserves remalned lmmobdized In the rhizome Thus extreme l~g h t llmitatlon can prevent full mob~llzation of carbon reserves stored in below-ground tissues probably through the effects of anoxla on translocation Metabolic rates, particularly photosynthesls and resplration of the shoot, were unaffected by prolonged carbon hrmtation in both treatments The patterns observed here can provide useful indices for assess~ng the state and fate of seagrass ecosystems in advance of catastrophic declines KEY WORDS: Seagrass Carbon balance . Resource a l l~c d l i~~n .Photosynthesis . Light

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“…Leaves were homogenized on ice in 90% (v/v) acetone to extract chlorophylls a and b after measuring P and R. Homogenates were centrifuged and pigment content of each supernatant was quantified spectrophotometrically using the extinction coefficients of Jeffrey & Humphrey (1975). Sugar content of leaves, roots and rhizomes was measured on 80% ethanol extracts using a resorcinol assay standardized against sucrose (Zimmerman et al 1995a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Top-down impact through a bottom-up mechanism. In situ effects of limpet grazing on growth, light requirements and survival of the eelgrass Zostera marina

Zimmerman¹,

Steller²,

Kohrs³

et al. 2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Temporal changes in abundance, size, productivity, resource allocation and light requirements of a subtidal eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) population were followed for 2 yr after the September 1993 appearance of a previously rare oval form of the commensal limpet Tectura depicta (Berry) in Monterey Bay, California, USA. By exclusively targeting the epidermis, limpet grazing impaired photosynthetic performance but left respiratory demand, meristematic growth and more than 90% of the leaf biomass intact. The resulting low P :R ratios of grazed plants raised the light requirements for the maintenance of positive carbon balance almost 2-fold relative to healthy ungrazed plants and prevented the summertime accumulation of internal carbon reserves. Shoot density in this once-continuously vegetated 30 ha meadow declined from more than 50 shoots m ). More than 50% of the continuously vegetated meadow was converted to bare sand despite ambient light availability and water temperatures that were favorable for growth of healthy, ungrazed plants. Plant size declined by 50% and internal sugar reserves declined more than 4-fold within 6 mo after the appearance of T. depicta. Plant losses were most extensive during winter, when internal carbon reserves were minimal. The dramatic decline in eelgrass vigor and abundance reported here, despite a physical environment that was favorable for healthy eelgrass survival, illustrates the amplification of top-down control by this relatively inconspicuous limpet through a feeding mechanism that specifically impairs photosynthesis, a bottom-up process.

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Carbon Partitioning in Eelgrass (Regulation by Photosynthesis and the Response to Daily Light-Dark Cycles)

Cited by 62 publications

References 24 publications

Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass Zostera marina

Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass Zostera marina

Resource allocation and sucrose mobilization in light-limited eelgrass Zostera marina

Top-down impact through a bottom-up mechanism. In situ effects of limpet grazing on growth, light requirements and survival of the eelgrass Zostera marina

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