Carbon–nitrogen interactions in idealized simulations with JSBACH (version 3.10)

Goll, Daniel S.; Winkler, Alexander J.; Raddatz, Thomas; Dong, Ning; Prentice, Iain Colin; Ciais, Philippe; Brovkin, Victor

doi:10.5194/gmd-10-2009-2017

Cited by 69 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…We did not perform a more in-depth comparison with SOC global observations as our emulator and the original ORCHIDEE LSM do not include various soil processes that have been proven to affect SOC substantially such as vertical mixing, diffusion, priming, changes in soil texture, and carbon-rich organic soils formation. The ORCHIDEE LSM model we use to build the emulator also lacks processes such as nitrogen and phosphorus limitations, which affect the productivity and SOC decomposition (Goll et al, 2017;Guenet et al, 2016). The emulator also simulates only the removal of SOC but not the subsequent SOC transport and deposition after erosion, and there is a general uncertainty in the simulation of underlying processes that govern the SOC dynamics (ToddBrown et al, 2014).…”

Section: Validation Of Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global soil organic carbon removal by water erosion under climate change and land use change during AD 1850–2005

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Erosion is an Earth system process that transports carbon laterally across the land surface and is currently accelerated by anthropogenic activities. Anthropogenic land cover change has accelerated soil erosion rates by rainfall and runoff substantially, mobilizing vast quantities of soil organic carbon (SOC) globally. At timescales of decennia to millennia this mobilized SOC can significantly alter previously estimated carbon emissions from land use change (LUC). However, a full understanding of the impact of erosion on land-atmosphere carbon exchange is still missing. The aim of this study is to better constrain the terrestrial carbon fluxes by developing methods compatible with land surface models (LSMs) in order to explicitly represent the links between soil erosion by rainfall and runoff and carbon dynamics. For this we use an emulator that represents the carbon cycle of a LSM, in combination with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. We applied this modeling framework at the global scale to evaluate the effects of potential soil erosion (soil removal only) in the presence of other perturbations of the carbon cycle: elevated atmospheric CO 2 , climate variability, and LUC. We find that over the period AD 1850-2005 acceleration of soil erosion leads to a total potential SOC removal flux of 74 ± 18 Pg C, of which 79 %-85 % occurs on agricultural land and grassland. Using our best estimates for soil erosion we find that including soil erosion in the SOC-dynamics scheme results in an increase of 62 % of the cumulative loss of SOC over 1850-2005 due to the combined effects of climate variability, increasing atmospheric CO 2 and LUC. This additional erosional loss decreases the cumulative global carbon sink on land by 2 Pg of carbon for this specific period, with the largest effects found for the tropics, where deforestation and agricultural expansion increased soil erosion rates significantly. We conclude that the potential effect of soil erosion on the global SOC stock is comparable to the effects of climate or LUC. It is thus necessary to include soil erosion in assessments of LUC and evaluations of the terrestrial carbon cycle.

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Section: Validation Of Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global soil organic carbon removal by water erosion under climate change and land use change during AD 1850–2005

et al. 2018

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“…Finally, the fraction of N lost in gaseous form by denitrification (f denit ) relative to total N loss (excluding fire) was compared to two observation-driven data sets derived by Wang et al (2017) and Goll et al (2017). These studies both used activity of the stable isotope 15 N in the soil to determine the denitrification fraction, based on a method published by Bai et al (2012), but differ in their approach to scale f denit up to the global level.…”

Section: Data Used For Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many modelling studies on N leaching have been presented in the past decades, for both agricultural and natural ecosystems (e.g. Aber et al, 1997;Groenendijk et al, 2005;Li et al, 2006). However, most of these models are computationally intensive and require site-specific calibration; hence they are difficult to apply at global scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen leaching from natural ecosystems under global change: a modelling study

et al. 2017

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Abstract.To study global nitrogen (N) leaching from natural ecosystems under changing N deposition, climate, and atmospheric CO 2 , we performed a factorial model experiment for the period with the N-enabled global terrestrial ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS (Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator). In eight global simulations, we used either the true transient time series of N deposition, climate, and atmospheric CO 2 as input or kept combinations of these drivers constant at initial values. The results show that N deposition is globally the strongest driver of simulated N leaching, individually causing an increase of 88 % by 1997-2006 relative to pre-industrial conditions. Climate change led globally to a 31 % increase in N leaching, but the size and direction of change varied among global regions: leaching generally increased in regions with high soil organic carbon storage and high initial N status, and decreased in regions with a positive trend in vegetation productivity or decreasing precipitation. Rising atmospheric CO 2 generally caused decreased N leaching (33 % globally), with strongest effects in regions with high productivity and N availability. All drivers combined resulted in a rise of N leaching by 73 % with strongest increases in Europe, eastern North America and South-East Asia, where N deposition rates are highest. Decreases in N leaching were predicted for the Amazon and northern India. We further found that N loss by fire regionally is a large term in the N budget, associated with lower N leaching, particularly in semi-arid biomes. Predicted global N leaching from natural lands rose from 13.6 Tg N yr −1 in 1901-1911 to 18.5 Tg N yr −1 in 1997-2006, accounting for reductions of natural land cover. Ecosystem N status (quantified as the reduction of vegetation productivity due to N limitation) shows a similar positive temporal trend but large spatial variability. Interestingly, this variability is more strongly related to vegetation type than N input. Similarly, the relationship between N status and (relative) N leaching is highly variable due to confounding factors such as soil water fluxes, fire occurrence, and growing season length. Nevertheless, our results suggest that regions with very high N deposition rates are approaching a state of N saturation.

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“…However, their uncertainty range is large, making 40 it difficult to constrain the net land-atmosphere carbon fluxes and reduce the biases in the global carbon budget (Goll et al, 2017;Houghton and Nassikas, 2017;Le Quéré et al, 2016). The absence of soil erosion in assessments of LUC is an important part of this uncertainty, as soil erosion is strongly connected to LUC (Van Oost et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the ORCHIDEE model lacks processes such as nitrogen and phosphorus limitations and priming, which affect the productivity and SOC decomposition (Goll et al, 2017;Guenet et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

Global soil organic carbon removal by water erosion under climate change and land use change during 1850–2005 AD

Naipal¹,

Ciais²,

Wang³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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15The onset and expansion of agriculture has accelerated soil erosion by rainfall and runoff substantially, mobilizing vast quantities of soil organic carbon (SOC) globally. Studies show that at timescales of decennia to millennia this mobilized SOC can significantly alter previously estimated carbon emissions from land use change (LUC).However, a full understanding of the impact of erosion on land-atmosphere carbon exchange is still missing. The 20 aim of our study is to better constrain the terrestrial carbon fluxes by developing methods compatible with Earth System Models (ESMs) in order to explicitly represent the links between soil erosion by rainfall and runoff and carbon dynamics. For this we use an emulator that represents the carbon cycle of a land surface model, in combination with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model. We applied this modeling framework at the global scale to evaluate the effects of potential soil erosion (soil removal only) in the presence of other perturbations 25 of the carbon cycle: elevated atmospheric CO 2 , climate variability, and LUC. We found that over the period 1850-2005 AD acceleration of soil erosion leads to a total potential SOC removal flux of 100 Pg C of which 80% occurs on agricultural, pasture and natural grass lands. Including soil erosion in the SOC-dynamics scheme results in a doubling of the cumulative loss of SOC over 1850 -2005 due to the combined effects of climate variability, increasing atmospheric CO 2 and LUC. This additional erosional loss decreases the cumulative global carbon sink on 30 land by 5 Pg for this specific period, with the largest effects found for the tropics, where deforestation and agricultural expansion increased soil erosion rates significantly. We also show that the potential effects of soil erosion on the global SOC stocks cannot be ignored when compared to the effects of climate change or land use change on the carbon cycle. We conclude that it is necessary to include soil erosion in assessments of LUC and evaluations of the terrestrial carbon cycle. 35Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi

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Carbon–nitrogen interactions in idealized simulations with JSBACH (version 3.10)

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 69 publications

References 100 publications

Global soil organic carbon removal by water erosion under climate change and land use change during AD 1850–2005

Global soil organic carbon removal by water erosion under climate change and land use change during AD 1850–2005

Nitrogen leaching from natural ecosystems under global change: a modelling study

Global soil organic carbon removal by water erosion under climate change and land use change during 1850–2005 AD

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