Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus leaching rates from Spartina alterniflora salt marshes

Turner, R. Eugene

doi:10.3354/meps092135

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…From our biomass harvests, seasonal and species-specific percent carbon data, and an annual live biomass turnover of 2.24 yr-' (Wohlgemuth 1988), we calculated aboveground productivities using the peak biomass (845 g C m-2 yr-l) and Smalley methods (776 g C m-' yr-L). Combined with Turner's (1993) data, we estimated a leaching rate of 41 to 85 g C m-2 yr-' (F = 62 g C m-' yr-').…”

Section: Macrophyte Carbon Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leaching of DOC from plant tissues can occur both during tidal submergence and aerial exposure (Gallagher et al 1976, Turner 1978, Pakulski 1986, Moran & Hodson 1990, Turner 1993, Mann & Wetzel 1996. Table 3.…”

Section: Macrophyte Carbon Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cases 4 and 5: variations in the ratio of (MaR) macrophyte respiration to (GMaP) gross macrophyte photosynthesis. Units are g C m-2 yr-' Other losses DIC Uptake Working in Spartina alterniflora salt marshes, Turner (1993) calculated that 5 to 10% of total aboveground production was leached from plant tissues. From our biomass harvests, seasonal and species-specific percent carbon data, and an annual live biomass turnover of 2.24 yr-' (Wohlgemuth 1988), we calculated aboveground productivities using the peak biomass (845 g C m-2 yr-l) and Smalley methods (776 g C m-' yr-L).…”

Section: Macrophyte Carbon Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon cycling in a tidal freshwater marsh ecosystem:a carbon gas flux study

Neubauer¹,

Miller²,

Anderson³

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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A process-based carbon gas flux model was developed to calcuIate total macrophyte and microalgal production, and community and belowground respiration, for a Peltandra virginica dominated tidaI freshwater marsh in Virginia. The model was based on measured field fluxes of CO2 and CH,, scaled to monthly and annual rates using empirically derived photosynthesis versus irradiance, and respiration versus temperature relationships. Because the gas exchange technique measures whole system gas fluxes and therefore includes turnover and seasonal translocation, estimates of total macrophyte production will be more accurate than those calculated from biomass harvests. One limitation of the gas flux method is that gaseous carbon fluxes out of the sediment may underestimate true belowground respiration if sediment-produced gases are transported through plant tissues to the atmosphere. Therefore we measured gross nitrogen mineralization (converted to carbon units using sediment C/N ratios and estimates of bacterial growth efficiency) as a proxy for belowground carbon respiration. We estimated a total net macrophyte production of 536 to 715 g C m-' yr-', with an additional 59 g C m-' yr-' fixed by sediment microalgae. Belowground respiration calculated from nitrogen mineralization was estimated to range from 516 to 723 g C m-2 yr-' versus 75 g C m-' yr-l measured directly with sediment chambers. Methane flux (72 g C m-' yr-') accounted for 11 to 13 % of total belowground respiration. Gas flux results were combined with biomass harvest and literature data to create a conceptual mass balance model of macrophyte-influenced carbon cycling. Spring and autumn translocation and re-translocation are critical in controlling observed seasonal patterns of above and belowground biomass accumulation. Annually, a total of 270 to 477 g C m-2 of macrophyte tissue is available for deposition on the marsh surface as detritus or export from the marsh as particulate or dissolved carbon.

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Section: Macrophyte Carbon Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Macrophyte Carbon Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Macrophyte Carbon Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon cycling in a tidal freshwater marsh ecosystem:a carbon gas flux study

Neubauer¹,

Miller²,

Anderson³

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…In contrast, the decomposition of vascular salt marsh plant tissues tends to contribute more refractory humic-like components which make up of 66% of the total dissolved humic substance (Moran and Hodson, 1994). In addition, previous studies suggested that carbon leaching rate of Spartina alterniflora salt marshes reached peak during summer (Turner, 1993), which could explain the salt marsh export observed during August 2010 to be more significant than March 2011 and 2012. Our EEM-PARAFAC studies on the leached DOM confirm that plant leachates indeed produced more of the protein-like C3 relative to humic-like components.…”

Section: Sources and Reactivity Of The Parafac Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, from a quantitative perspective, the significance of leachate export relative to in situ DOM production may vary in different ecosystems (Turner, 1993) and thus the accumulation, dynamics and fate of salt marsh exported DOM remains difficult to constrain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources, Fate and Transformation of Organic Matter in Wetlands and Estuaries

Ya¹

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In this work, DOM characteristics were investigated in different estuaries.Dissolved organic matter source strengths and dynamics were assessed in a seagrassdominated subtropical estuarine lagoon. The primary source of DOM was quantified using the combination of excitation emission matrix fluorescence with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and stable C isotope analysis. Seagrass can contribute up to 72% of the DOM in the study area. The spatial and temporal variation of DOM dynamics viii was also studied in salt marsh estuary. The data showed that DOM was primarily derived from freshwater marshes and controlled by hydrology while salt marsh plants play a significant role in the distribution patterns of DOM quality and quantity. The OM dynamics was also investigated in a mangrove-dominate estuary and a comparative study was conducted between the DOM and POM pools. The results revealed both similarity and dissimilarity in DOM and POM composition. The dynamics of both OM pools are largely uncoupled as a result of source differences. Fringe mangrove export similar amounts of DOM and POM and should be considered as an important source in coastal C budgets. Lastly, chemical characterizations were conducted on the featured fluorescence component in OM in an attempt to better understand the composition and origins of the specific PARAFAC component. The traditionally defined 'protein-like' fluorescence was found to contain both proteinaceous and phenolic compounds, suggesting that the application of this parameter as a proxy for amino acid content and bioavailability may be limited.

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Translocation, remineralization, and turnover of nitrogen in the roots and rhizomes ofSpartina alterniflora (Gramineae)

White

Howes

1994

American J of Botany

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We used 15N to quantify rates of N translocation from aerial to belowground tissues, foliar leaching, and turnover and production of root and rhizome biomass in the plant‐sediment system of short Spartina alterniflora areas of Great Sippewissett Marsh, Massachusetts. Decay of belowground tissues in litterbag incubations at 1‐ and 10‐cm depths resulted in 80% remineralization of the original plant (15N‐labeled) N and 20% burial after 3 years. Translocation of 15N from plant shoots in hydrologically controlled laboratory lysimeters maintained under field conditions was 38% of the aboveground pool while leaching of N was 10% from June to October. Most of the translocated N was not retranslocated to new aboveground growth in December but appeared to be either remineralized or buried in the sediment. Injection of 15N into field stands of grass showed initially high incorporation into plants followed by a continuous decline over the next 7 years yielding a gross tumover time of 1.5–1.6yr. Correcting the gross N turnover for recycling of label via translocation and uptake of remineralized label during this period, a net root and rhizome turnover time of 1.0–1.1 yr was obtained. Combining the turnover time with independent estimates of seasonal belowground biomass yielded an estimate of belowground production of 929–1,022 g C m−2 yr−1, similar to measurements by traditional biomass harvest, CO2 based budgets and models for comparable areas of this marsh. Integration of the production and nitrogen balance estimates for short Spartina marsh yielded translocation, 1.4 g N m−2 yr−1, leaching, 0.4 g N m−2 yr−1, remineralization, 14.9–16.3 g N m−2 yr−1, and burial, 3.7–4.1 g N m−2 yr−1.

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Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus leaching rates from Spartina alterniflora salt marshes

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

Carbon cycling in a tidal freshwater marsh ecosystem:a carbon gas flux study

Carbon cycling in a tidal freshwater marsh ecosystem:a carbon gas flux study

Sources, Fate and Transformation of Organic Matter in Wetlands and Estuaries

Translocation, remineralization, and turnover of nitrogen in the roots and rhizomes ofSpartina alterniflora (Gramineae)

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