Carbon nanowalls grown by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition during the carbonization of polyacrylonitrile fibers

Li, Jiangling; Shi, Shaobo; Zhou, Lei; Kundrát, Vojtěch; Abbot, Andrew M.; Mushtaq, Fajer; Ouyang, Defang; James, David T.; Roberts, D. T.; Ye, Haitao

doi:10.1063/1.4774218

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…PAN nanofibers prepared at these parameters were produced, and then they were stabilized and carbonized. (CH, CH2, and CH3) give peaks at 2939 cm -1 , 1453 cm -1 , 1357 cm -1 , and 1251 cm -1 [40,41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Optimization as Precursor of Carbon Nanofibers for Supercapacitors

Altın¹,

Bedeloğlu²

2020

Journal of Innovative Science and Engineering (JISE)

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Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers are one of the primary precursors in the production of carbon nanofibers. The nanofiber morphology is significantly affected by the process parameters such as polymer concentration, distance, applied voltage and feed rate during the production of PAN nanofibers obtained by the solution-based electrospinning method, and these parameters should be optimized properly. In this study, firstly PAN nanofiber production parameters were optimized, and then homogeneous and thin PAN nanofibers produced in optimum conditions were used as the precursor in the production of carbon nanofibers. PAN nanofibers with a diameter of 233 nm were obtained at 7.5% PAN concentration in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), 28 kV applied voltage, 17.5 cm nozzle to collector distance, 2 ml/h feed rate and 500 rpm rotation speed of the aluminum drum. The carbon nanofiber diameters produced after the stabilization and carbonization processes were measured as 200 and 140 nm, respectively. The morphological, chemical and thermal properties of the produced nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Carbon nanofibers, which are made from optimized electrospun PAN nanofibers, can be used to construct supercapacitors in future studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Optimization as Precursor of Carbon Nanofibers for Supercapacitors

Altın¹,

Bedeloğlu²

2020

Journal of Innovative Science and Engineering (JISE)

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“…[37] Dopants such as NH 3 or N 2 were also incorporated in the growth of VAGNAs, which led to the transformation of VAGNAs from p-type to n-type with improved charge mobility. [38] In addition to the gaseous hydrocarbon, honey, butter, cheese, [39,40] natural essential oil, [41] PAN fibers, [42] and carbon fibers [43] could also be used as carbon source for VAGNA synthesis in PECVD. [44,45] In these cases, carbon-containing molecules were broken by the reactive plasma species, forming hydrocarbon precursors.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Vagnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically Aligned Graphene Nanosheet Arrays: Synthesis, Properties and Applications in Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

Zhang

Lee

Zhang

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

147

103

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In the pursuit of better electrode kinetics and mass transportation for electrochemical energy applications, 3D graphene‐based electrodes have been receiving increasing research interest. Distinguished from other kinds of 3D graphene structures, the well‐developed, vertically aligned graphene nanosheet arrays (VAGNAs) could be grown on a variety of substrates by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), forming a 3D interconnected structure with intimate contact with substrates and largely exposed edges, and easily accessible open surfaces of the graphene nanosheets. Ascribing to the combined superior inherent properties of graphene and the special structure configuration, e.g., large surface area, excellent electron transfer capability, outstanding mechanical strength, great chemical and thermal stabilities, and enhanced electrochemical activity, VAGNAs have demonstrated promising applications in supercapacitors, batteries, and fuel cell catalysts. This progress report provides a brief review on the nucleation and growth of VAGNAs, their growth mechanism and properties, and highlights the recent important progress in their electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications, in the views of their pros and cons in comparison with other 3D graphene‐based structures. Challenges and perspectives for future advance are discussed in the end.

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“…Figure 7 a shows ATR-FTIR spectra of all as-spun, stabilized and carbonized samples. In all samples of as-spun nanofibers, the typical peaks of PAN are observable: a stretching vibration of the C≡N nitrile functional group at 2245 cm −1 and a carbonyl (C=O) stretching peak at 1728 cm −1 , which is an indicator of both residual DMSO [ 83 ] and the methyl methacrylate comonomer. Furthermore, the bending and stretching vibrations of CH 2 at 2935 and 1454 cm −1 , respectively, can be seen [ 19 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…an indicator of both residual DMSO [83] and the methyl methacrylate comonomer. Furthermore, the bending and stretching vibrations of CH2 at 2935 and 1454 cm −1 , respectively, can be seen [19].…”

Section: Chemical Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Morphological Transition of Poly(acrylonitrile)/Poly(vinylidene Fluoride) Blend Nanofibers during Oxidative Stabilization and Incipient Carbonization

et al. 2020

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Thermally stabilized and subsequently carbonized nanofibers are a promising material for many technical applications in fields such as tissue engineering or energy storage. They can be obtained from a variety of different polymer precursors via electrospinning. While some methods have been tested for post-carbonization doping of nanofibers with the desired ingredients, very little is known about carbonization of blend nanofibers from two or more polymeric precursors. In this paper, we report on the preparation, thermal treatment and resulting properties of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blend nanofibers produced by wire-based electrospinning of binary polymer solutions. Using a wide variety of spectroscopic, microscopic and thermal characterization methods, the chemical and morphological transition during oxidative stabilization (280 °C) and incipient carbonization (500 °C) was thoroughly investigated. Both PAN and PVDF precursor polymers were detected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively during all stages of thermal treatment. Compared to pure PAN nanofibers, the blend nanofibers showed increased fiber diameters, strong reduction of undesired morphological changes during oxidative stabilization and increased conductivity after carbonization.

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Carbon nanowalls grown by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition during the carbonization of polyacrylonitrile fibers

Cited by 48 publications

References 25 publications

Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Optimization as Precursor of Carbon Nanofibers for Supercapacitors

Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Optimization as Precursor of Carbon Nanofibers for Supercapacitors

Vertically Aligned Graphene Nanosheet Arrays: Synthesis, Properties and Applications in Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

Chemical and Morphological Transition of Poly(acrylonitrile)/Poly(vinylidene Fluoride) Blend Nanofibers during Oxidative Stabilization and Incipient Carbonization

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