Carbon nanotubes/titanium dioxide (CNTs/TiO2) nanocomposites prepared by conventional and novel surfactant wrapping sol–gel methods exhibiting enhanced photocatalytic activity

Gao, Bin; Chen, George; Puma, Gianluca Li

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.01.009

Cited by 291 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…30 However, a further increase in the MWCNTs to 48.2 wt % showed a slight increased crystallite size to 30.6 nm, due to the rapid hydrolysis of the titanium precursor. 43 Deduced from the XRD patterns shown in Figure 1b, it was found that an increase in the TiO 2 content results in an increase in the intensity of diffraction peak at 2θ = 48.0°and a decrease in the peak width, implying an increased in the crystallite size. As shown in Table 1, the TiO 2 crystallite size was increased from 23.2 to 35.2 nm when the TiO 2 content was increased from 51.6 to 89.6 wt %.…”

Section: Characterization Of Structure and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Table 1 ignorable interference from MWCNTs. 30,43 It could be seen from Table 1 that the average crystallite size of pure TiO 2 particles was ca. 44.7 nm, and those decreased from 33.1 to 29.9 nm with increased MWCNTs content from 7.2 to 31.7 wt %, suggesting that the presence of MWCNTs hindered the growth of the TiO 2 particles.…”

Section: Characterization Of Structure and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube–Anatase TiO₂ Sub-micrometer-sized Sphere Composite Photocatalyst for Synergistic Degradation of Gaseous Styrene

Chen

Nie

et al. 2012

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

133

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ABSTRACT:The carbon nanotube (CNT)−sub-micrometer-sized anatase TiO 2 sphere composite photocatalysts were synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal method using titanium tetrafluoride as titanium source and CNTs as structure regulator. Various technologies including X-ray diffraction, UV−visible absorption spectra, N 2 adsorption−desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to characterize the structure properties of the prepared composite photocatalysts. The results indicated that the composite photocatalysts consisted of CNTs wrapping around the sub-micrometer-sized anatase TiO 2 spheres with controllable crystal facets and that the aggregated particles with average diameter ranged from 200 to 600 nm. The fabricated composite photocatalysts were used to degrade gaseous styrene in this work. As expected, a synergistic effect that remarkably enhancing the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of gaseous styrene by the prepared composite photocatalysts was observed in comparison with that the degradation efficiency using pure anatase TiO 2 and the adsorption of CNTs. Similar results were also confirmed in the decolorization of liquid methyl orange. Further investigation demonstrated that the synergistic effect in the photocatalytic activity was related to the structure of the sub-micrometer-sized anatase TiO 2 spheres and the significant roles of CNTs in the composite photocatalysts. By controlling the content of CNTs, the content of TiO 2 or the temperature during the hydrothermal synthesis process, anatase TiO 2 spheres with controllable crystallite size and dominant crystal facets such as {001}, {101}, or polycrystalline could be obtained, which was beneficial for the increase in the synergistic effect and further enhancement of the photocatalytic efficiencies.

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Section: Characterization Of Structure and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Characterization Of Structure and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube–Anatase TiO₂ Sub-micrometer-sized Sphere Composite Photocatalyst for Synergistic Degradation of Gaseous Styrene

Chen

Nie

et al. 2012

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

133

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“…One of the problems of the sol gel technique is that it normally leads to a non-uniform coating, resulting simultaneously in some uncoated surface regions along with excessive deposits in other regions of the MWCNT surface 28 . In the present work, it was employed the Gao et.al 29 method, with modifications.…”

Section: Mwcnt/tio 2 Nanocomposite Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of TiO2 Coated Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes by the Sol-Gel Technique

2017

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In recent years, efforts in developing high strength-low density materials are increasing significantly. One of the promising materials to attend this demand is the carbon nanotube (CNT), to be used mainly as a reinforcing phase in lightweight metal matrix composites (MMC). In the present work, the sol-gel technique has been employed to obtain TiO 2 coating on the surface of commercial multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The aim of such coating is to improve the thermal stability of MWCNT in oxidize environment, which is necessary in most of MMC processing routes. Calcination in inert atmosphere was performed in order to crystallize a stable coating phase. The hybrid CNT/TiO 2 nanocomposite was characterized by X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Thermogravimetry (TGA) and Field Emission Gun -Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM). The coating structure was observed to change from anatase to rutile, as the calcination temperature increases from 500 to 1000ºC. Results from thermogravimetric analysis showed that the samples calcined at 1000 ºC were more resistant to oxidation at high temperatures.

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“…Surfactants are one option that is commonly used to try to reduce such effects. 34 The objectives of this study were to elucidate trends in physicochemical properties as MWCNTs: titania wt.% ratios vary, investigate how synthetic methods employed affect nanocomposite physical properties, and the light-harvesting characteristics in a DSSC using either Eosin B or N3-dye. This work compares typical effects of MWCNT-titania nanocomposites synthesized by sol-gel and CVD methods as well as their suitability in low cost natural dye-based solar cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiwalled carbon nanotube-titania nanocomposites: Understanding nano-structural parameters and functionality in dye-sensitized solar cells

Mombeshora¹,

Simoyi²,

Nyamori³

et al. 2015

S.Afr.j.chem

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Nanocomposites consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and titania were synthesized by two methods, namely, sol-gel and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) methods. The work takes advantage of the bridging ability of nanotechnology between macromolecules and the solid state process in engineering alternative nanomaterials for various applications including solar cell fabrication. Physical and chemical characterization of the mesoporous nanocomposites from the two synthetic methods were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, surface characterization and X-ray diffraction analysis. Physicochemical properties in the nanocomposites such as thermal stability, pore volume, crystallinity and surface area were observed to be a subject of MWCNT: titania ratios and synthetic methods. From the CVD synthetic method, observed attributes include more uniform and smoother coating; better crystallinity and larger pore width than sol-gel method. On the other hand, nanocomposites from sol-gel synthetic method had larger surface areas, were more defective and less thermally stable than those from CVD. Nanocomposites by the CVD method performed 39.2 % more efficient than those from sol-gel in light-harvesting experiments. The study shows that the nanocomposites synthesized were more effective than titania alone when the cheaper natural dye, Eosin B, was used. This highlights the great potential of typical nanomaterials in improving the performances of titania in DSSCs as well as lowering the cost of the ultimate devices.

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Carbon nanotubes/titanium dioxide (CNTs/TiO2) nanocomposites prepared by conventional and novel surfactant wrapping sol–gel methods exhibiting enhanced photocatalytic activity

Cited by 291 publications

References 27 publications

Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube–Anatase TiO₂ Sub-micrometer-sized Sphere Composite Photocatalyst for Synergistic Degradation of Gaseous Styrene

Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube–Anatase TiO₂ Sub-micrometer-sized Sphere Composite Photocatalyst for Synergistic Degradation of Gaseous Styrene

Production of TiO2 Coated Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes by the Sol-Gel Technique

Multiwalled carbon nanotube-titania nanocomposites: Understanding nano-structural parameters and functionality in dye-sensitized solar cells

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Carbon nanotubes/titanium dioxide (CNTs/TiO2) nanocomposites prepared by conventional and novel surfactant wrapping sol–gel methods exhibiting enhanced photocatalytic activity

Cited by 291 publications

References 27 publications

Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube–Anatase TiO2 Sub-micrometer-sized Sphere Composite Photocatalyst for Synergistic Degradation of Gaseous Styrene

Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube–Anatase TiO2 Sub-micrometer-sized Sphere Composite Photocatalyst for Synergistic Degradation of Gaseous Styrene

Production of TiO2 Coated Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes by the Sol-Gel Technique

Multiwalled carbon nanotube-titania nanocomposites: Understanding nano-structural parameters and functionality in dye-sensitized solar cells

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Product

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Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube–Anatase TiO₂ Sub-micrometer-sized Sphere Composite Photocatalyst for Synergistic Degradation of Gaseous Styrene

Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube–Anatase TiO₂ Sub-micrometer-sized Sphere Composite Photocatalyst for Synergistic Degradation of Gaseous Styrene