Carbon Nanotubes as Superior Sorbent for Dioxin Removal

Long, R.Q.; Yang, Ralph T.

doi:10.1021/ja003830l

Cited by 803 publications

(418 citation statements)

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“…So far, a number of efficient absorbent materials, including clay, [1] carbon nanotubes, [2,3] organicinorganic hydrids, [4] zeolites, [5] and activated carbon, [6,7] have been developed. However, these materials suffer from a number of drawbacks, such as poor selectivity and low absorption capacities, due to their weak affinity to organics or oils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superhydrophobic Activated Carbon‐Coated Sponges for Separation and Absorption

Sun¹,

An²,

Zhu³

et al. 2013

ChemSusChem

192

105

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Highly porous activated carbon with a large surface area and pore volume was synthesized by KOH activation using commercially available activated carbon as a precursor. By modification with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), highly porous activated carbon showed superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 163.6°. The changes in wettability of PDMS‐ treated highly porous activated carbon were attributed to the deposition of a low‐surface‐energy silicon coating onto activated carbon (confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy), which had microporous characteristics (confirmed by XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses). Using an easy dip‐coating method, superhydrophobic activated carbon‐coated sponges were also fabricated; those exhibited excellent absorption selectivity for the removal of a wide range of organics and oils from water, and also recyclability, thus showing great potential as efficient absorbents for the large‐scale removal of organic contaminants or oil spills from water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superhydrophobic Activated Carbon‐Coated Sponges for Separation and Absorption

Sun¹,

An²,

Zhu³

et al. 2013

ChemSusChem

192

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Nanotubes have also been identified as a potential hydrogen storage medium for use in fuel cells [62], a probable successor to silicon in making faster microprocessors [60,61], and a superior sorbent for the removal of dioxin [83].…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion synthesis of fullerenes and fullerenic nanostructures

Goel

Hebgen

Sande

et al. 2002

Carbon

115

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Fullerenes are molecules comprised entirely of sp 2 -bonded carbon atoms arranged in pentagonal and hexagonal rings to form a hollow, closed-cage structure. Buckyballs, a subset which contains C 60 and C 70 , are single-shell molecules while fullerenic nanostructures can contain many shells and over 300 carbon atoms. Both fullerenes and nanostructures have an array of applications in a wide variety of fields, including medical and consumer products. Fullerenes were discovered in 1985 and were first isolated from the products of a laminar low-pressure premixed benzene/oxygen/argon flame operating at fuel-rich conditions in 1991. Flame studies indicated that fullerene yields depend on operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, residence time, and equivalence ratio. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed that the soot contains nanostructures, including onions and nanotubes.Although flame conditions for forming fullerenes have been identified, the process has not been optimized and many flame environments of potential interest are unstudied. Mechanistic characteristics of fullerene formation remain poorly understood and cost estimation of large-scale production has not been performed. Accordingly, this work focused on: 1) studying fullerene formation in diffusion and premixed flames under new conditions to identify optimal parameters; 2) investigating the reaction of fullerenes with soot; 3) positively identifying C 60 molecules in HRTEM by tethering them to carbon black; and 4) providing a cost estimation for industrial fullerenic soot production.Samples of condensable material from laminar low-pressure benzene/argon/oxygen diffusion flames were collected and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HRTEM. The highest concentration of fullerenes in a flame was always detected just above the height where the fuel is consumed. The percentage of fullerenes in condensable material increases with decreasing pressure and the fullerene content of flames with similar cold gas velocities shows a strong dependence on length. A shorter flame, resulting from higher dilution or lower pressure, favors the formation of fullerenes rather than soot, exhibited by the lower amount of soot and precursors in such flames. This indicates a stronger correlation of fullerene consumption to soot levels than of fullerene formation to precursor concentration. The maximum flame temperature seems to be of minor importance in formation. The overall highest amount of fullerenes was found for a surprisingly high dilution of fuel with argon. The HRTEM analysis showed an increase of the curvature of the carbon layers, and hence increased fullerenic character, with increasing distance from the burner up to the point of maximum fullerene concentration, after which it decreases, consistent with the HPLC analysis. The soot shows highly ordered regions that appear to have been cells of fullerenic nanostructure formation. The samples also included fullerenic nanostructures such as tubes and sp...

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“…were more complex than that of AC (mainly C O and C O ), according to XPS analysis. As we know, the specific interaction between -electron rich regions of the carbon layers and aromatic rings was one of the important sorbate-sorbent interactions [43][44][45][46]. Lillo-Rodénas et al, pointed out that surface functional groups on carbon materials could affect -electron rich regions of the carbon layers, and thus weaken the specific interactions between -electron rich regions of the carbon layers and the aromatic rings of aromatic compounds [47].…”

Section: Toluene Adsorption Properties Of the Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%