Carbon nanotubes as reinforcement in composites: A review of the analytical, numerical and experimental approaches

Yengejeh, Sadegh Imani; Kazemi, Seyedeh Alieh; Öchsner, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2017.04.023

Cited by 135 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…The volume fractions of CNT at the EPT were obtained with the 50% connection possibility shown in Figure (b). The EPT for the polymer with only CNT was

V_{0}^{CNT}

= 0.169% (

V_{0}^{CB}

denotes the EPT when the polymer is filled with CNTs only); this was within the range of scattered experimental data . On the basis of the excluded volume concept, Balberg et al .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Effects of the filler size on the electrical percolation threshold of carbon black–carbon nanotube–polymer composites

Huang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The Monte Carlo simulation of filled conductive polymer materials is a method of continuously generating a random conformation and averaging the interesting results to simulate the random dispersion of fillers in space. In our simulation, the irregular shapes of the filler were abstracted into regular ones. Carbon black (CB) aggregates were modeled as spheres, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were modeled as capped cylinders. The connection of the fillers was estimated via the calculation of the shortest distance between them; this determined whether a percolation pathway was formed or not. Numerical results were obtained, and these highlight the effects of the filler size, including the aspect ratio of CNTs and the ratio of the diameter of the CB aggregates to the diameter of the CNTs on the electrical percolation threshold (EPT). We found that the EPT decreased with increasing CNT aspect ratio and decreased the diameter ratio of the CB aggregates to CNTs. The simulation results were obtained by a simple pathwayfinder algorithm, which was proven to be effective compared with existing numerical, theoretical, and experimental simulations. V C 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46517.

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“…The volume fractions of CNT at the EPT were obtained with the 50% connection possibility shown in Figure (b). The EPT for the polymer with only CNT was

V_{0}^{CNT}

= 0.169% (

V_{0}^{CB}

denotes the EPT when the polymer is filled with CNTs only); this was within the range of scattered experimental data . On the basis of the excluded volume concept, Balberg et al .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Effects of the filler size on the electrical percolation threshold of carbon black–carbon nanotube–polymer composites

Huang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…3. Changes in the Raman spectra during the CNTs oxidation: a -first-order spectra of the CNTs oxidized with concentrated nitric acid for 6.5 hrs; b -spectra of the initial CNTs (1) and oxidized in hydrogen peroxide vapor at 1400 ºС for 2 (2), 5 (3), 10 (4), 20 (5), and 30 (6) hrs…”

Section: ) ≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous sources report that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have prospects for wide applications in the composition of electrically conductive, heatconducting and reinforced polymer composites, due to a combination of their unique physical and chemical properties [1][2][3]. To improve the compatibility of CNTs with polymer matrices and reduce their aggregation, functionalization methods are often used [4], among which fluorination and oxidation in various systems are one of the most effective [5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying of Structural Changes of Graphene Layers of Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized by Raman Spectroscopy

Dyachkova¹,

Рухов²,

Туголуков³

et al. 2017

Liq. Cryst. and their Appl.

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The effect of oxidizing treatment conditions (concentrated nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide vapor) and direct fluorination on the structural integrity of graphene layers of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was studied using Raman spectroscopy-based method. Changes in the functionalization of the CNTs defect indices estimated by the intensity of the characteristic peaks: D (1320-1350 cm-1), G (1550-1580 cm-1), 2D (2660 cm-1), D+G (2900 cm-1), and 2G (3200 cm-1) in Raman spectra and their ratios were elucidated. It was established that ordering of the CNTs graphene layers can be observed at the initial stage of various oxidation and fluorination methods. This can be apparently relate to the predominance of the processes of residual amorphous phase removal. Then, the defectiveness indicators begin to grow, thereby indicating the destructive changes in nanotubes during the functionalization. With each chemical treatment method, it is possible to minimize the destruction of the CNTs surface by selecting the process conditions. The CNTs oxidized in hydrogen peroxide vapor are characterized by the most ordered structure of the graphene layers.

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“…The discovery of different carbon nanoforms, such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNT), has opened the door for the development of new composite materials with improved mechanical properties [1][2][3]. Above all these carbon derivatives, graphene holds the highest expectations, not to develop models which allow the prediction of the effective mechanical response of the resulting material and the final effect of GO on the set of mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental, Numerical, and Analytical Study on The Effect of Graphene Oxide in The Mechanical Properties of a Solvent-Free Reinforced Epoxy Resin

et al. 2019

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This paper presents a methodology for manufacturing nanocomposites from an epoxy resin reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles. A scalable and sustainable fabrication process, based on a solvent-free method, is proposed with the objective of achieving a high level of GO dispersion, while maintaining matrix performance. The results of three-point bending tests are examined by means of an analytical technique which allows determining the mechanical response of the material under tension and compression from flexural data. As result, an increase of 39% in the compressive elastic modulus of the nanocomposite is found with the addition of 0.3 wt % GO. In parallel, we described how the strain distribution and the failure modes vary with the amount of reinforcement based on digital image correlation (DIC) techniques and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A novel analytical model, capable of predicting the influence of GO content on the elastic properties of the material, is obtained. Numerical simulations considering the experimental conditions are carried out. the full strain field given by the DIC system is successfully reproduced by means of the finite element method (FEM). While, the experimental failure is explained by the crack growth simulations using the eXtended finite element method (XFEM).

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Carbon nanotubes as reinforcement in composites: A review of the analytical, numerical and experimental approaches

Cited by 135 publications

References 151 publications

Effects of the filler size on the electrical percolation threshold of carbon black–carbon nanotube–polymer composites

Effects of the filler size on the electrical percolation threshold of carbon black–carbon nanotube–polymer composites

Studying of Structural Changes of Graphene Layers of Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized by Raman Spectroscopy

Experimental, Numerical, and Analytical Study on The Effect of Graphene Oxide in The Mechanical Properties of a Solvent-Free Reinforced Epoxy Resin

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