Carbon Nanotubes as Effective Interlayer for High Performance Li-I₂Batteries: Long Cycle Life and Superior Rate Performance

Abstract

Highly soluble active materials, such as iodine, are of great potential to develop the research of rapid charge-discharge performance for Li-ion batteries. In this work, a new facile method is applied to construct the iodine/carbon electrode system, which is composed of a thin cathode film, prepared by directly mixing pure commercial iodine and superconducting carbon black, and a carbon nanotubes (CNTs) interlayer. The CNTs interlayer is inserted between pure iodine cathode and separator in the lithium-iodine battery. Electrochemical data reveals that the iodine cathode demonstrates a high capacity of 100 mAh g −1 and ∼100% columbic efficiency after 5000 cycles at a rate of 100C, which shows a great cycle stability and superior high-rate capability, based on the contributions from both the confinement effect of iodine species in CNTs interlayer and the quick liquid-phase diffusion of Li ions in Li-I 2 battery.

Encapsulation of Iodine in Nitrogen-Containing Porous Carbon Plate Arrays on Carbon Fiber Cloth as a Freestanding Cathode for Lithium-Iodine Batteries

“…As shown in Figure S6, the survey XPS spectrum indicates the presence of C, N, and O elements in CFC@PNCA. Figure e shows the high-resolution C 1s spectrum, demonstrating the existence of the C–N (285.6 eV) bond and the CO bond (287.9 eV) . The presence of oxygen-containing bonds facilitated the nucleation and growth of ZIF-67.…”

“…Figure 3e shows the high-resolution C 1s spectrum, demonstrating the existence of the C−N (285.6 eV) bond and the CO bond (287.9 eV). 13 The presence of oxygen-containing bonds facilitated the nucleation and growth of ZIF-67. Figure 3f shows the high-resolution N 1s spectrum exhibiting the existence of pyridinic N (398.9 eV), pyrrolic N (400.8 eV), and quaternary N (402.4 eV).…”

“…Porous carbons are widely used to stabilize electrochemically active materials such as sulfur for lithium-sulfur batteries. For Li-I 2 batteries, porous carbon is widely used as a host to stabilize iodine while improving the electron conductivity of the entire electrode, , including carbon nanotubes, , graphene, , carbon fiber cloth, − three-dimensional (3D) carbon foam, and hollow carbon spheres. , Heteroatoms such as nitrogen in carbon have been shown to enhance the adsorption of iodine because of the surface charge delocalization effect. ,,, Polymers have also been used to capture iodine for further improving cycling stability. ,− For example, biosafe and cost-effective polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has been used to effectively complex iodine. , Furthermore, the architecture of the host materials also plays an important role in the transport of iodine . 3D freestanding porous carbon is an ideal host for stabilizing iodine, such as carbon fiber cloth (CFC). ,,, …”

“…Porous carbons are widely used to stabilize electrochemically active materials such as sulfur for lithium-sulfur batteries. For Li-I 2 batteries, porous carbon is widely used as a host to stabilize iodine while improving the electron conductivity of the entire electrode, 10,11 including carbon nanotubes, 12,13 graphene, 14,15 carbon fiber cloth, 16−18 three-dimensional (3D) carbon foam, 19 and hollow carbon spheres. 20,21 Heteroatoms such as nitrogen in carbon have been shown to enhance the adsorption of iodine because of the surface charge delocalization effect.…”

Honeycomb‐like carbon materials derived from coffee extract via a “salty” thermal treatment for high‐performance Li‐I2 batteries

“…Generally, physical adsorption of microporous material and chemical adsorption of heteroatoms to I 2 molecules are promising strategies for addressing these challenges. 11,15,16,[22][23][24][25] Being an outstanding conductive and porous medium for fast electron transfer and rapid iodine redox reactions, N-graphene, 18 Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene, 27 and carbon nanotubes 28 have been used to fabricate the interlayer for these purposes. Additionally, they can offer large reaction interfaces for the pseudo-capacitive storage in Li-I 2 batteries.…”