Carbon nanotubes as durable catalyst supports for oxygen reduction electrode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Cha, Boram; Jun, Shin-Hee; Jeong, Bora; Ezazi, Mohammadamin; Kwon, Gibum; Kim, Daeil; Lee, Duck Hyun

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.001

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…CNTs could suppress carbon oxidation that decreases the cell performance. It was due to its high crystallinity, low defect density, and high aspect ratio properties 141 . In ORR, CNT would be highly durable with consistent cell voltage (only 1.6% loss), electrochemical surface area (6.2% loss), and electrical resistance (value 21 mΩ remains unchanged) for 100 rounds of cell reversal in PEMFC application 141 .…”

Section: Literature Studies On Membrane Fuel Cell Containing Cnt Go mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…141 In ORR, CNT would be highly durable with consistent cell voltage (only 1.6% loss), electrochemical surface area (6.2% loss), and electrical resistance (value 21 mΩ remains unchanged) for 100 rounds of cell reversal in PEMFC application. 141 MWCNT support acquired the highest ORR catalytic activity and stability for Pt catalyst with a voltage value of 0.838 V at 50 mA/cm 2 , the mass activity of 60 mA/mg at 0.9 V, and peak power density of 730 W/g. 140 Other than MWCNT, vertically aligned CNTs (VACNT) could also act as catalyst support material for DMFC applications.…”

Section: Pem-based With Carbon Nanotubes As a Conductive Fillermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide and montmorillonite as conductive fillers in polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell: an overview

2020

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Summary This study discusses three conductive materials—carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, and montmorillonite which recently being used as fillers in membranes of fuel cell application and commonly hybridized with polymers as the matrix. The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is using a polymer‐based membrane as the electrolyte, which might require filler or functionalization to enhance their cell performance. This review provides brief information for the researcher who insists on improving the current PEM using these potential fillers, specified with required values of membrane properties measurement. It also entails the special features of the nanofillers concerning their chemical structure and electrochemical properties based on recent studies. As electricity is generated from an external fuel source, the membranes that are used should be more than 0.1 S/cm of proton conductivity, low fuel permeability (< 1.37 x 10−6 cm2/s), cheap, and high stability in dry and wet condition. PEM is widely being utilized together with filler(s) incorporated as a purpose to overcome recent drawbacks encountered by the commercial Nafion membrane solely. Hence, the fillers embedded in the membrane are necessarily to have the promising characteristics, acknowledging the potential performances of three conductive nanofillers of (a) carbon nanotubes which is well‐known of its electrical conducting potential with three cylindrical design, (b) graphene oxide which is a reactive carbonaceous material with its multifunctional groups and (c) montmorillonite which is one of the clay types that has tetrahedral and octahedral layers of alumina‐silicates for producing better hybrid polymer electrolyte membrane. Highlights Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, and montmorillonite are highly promising conductive fillers with outstanding cell performances based on previous studies. Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, and montmorillonite are chosen as incorporated fillers recently due to their rolling up direction (chirality vector of graphene sheet), reactive functional groups attached on the carbon atoms and ionic multilayers of the tetrahedral and octahedral sheet, respectively. High proton conductivity, low electronic conductivity, low fuel permeability, low water transport, low production cost, and high mechanical stability in both dry and wet condition are properties that should be portrayed by a good hybrid membrane.

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Section: Literature Studies On Membrane Fuel Cell Containing Cnt Go mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pem-based With Carbon Nanotubes As a Conductive Fillermentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide and montmorillonite as conductive fillers in polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell: an overview

2020

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“…Fuel cells are an essential component of highly efficient and clean energy-production technologies. In particular, proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have shown great potential for power generation in stationary, mobile, and transportation applications owing to their low temperature, low emissions, rapid start-up time, energy efficiency, and power density [1][2][3]. The cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the rate-limiting reaction step in PEMFCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pt has been used as an ORR catalyst for over a decade because of its high catalytic activity [4], and its high cost has been combatted by the use of carbon black (CB), which reduces the required amount of Pt and enhances the stability of PEMFC active materials. However, CB has been shown to have low catalytic durability because it easily corrodes under an oxygen atmosphere [1,3,5]. To improve the long-term durability of PEMFC catalysts, carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanofibers, and graphene have been widely studied as support materials [1,[6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Reduced Graphene Oxides for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalysts

Bak

Kim

Lim

et al. 2021

IJMS

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We demonstrated highly efficient oxygen reduction catalysts composed of uniform Pt nanoparticles on small, reduced graphene oxides (srGO). The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) size was controlled by applying ultrasonication, and the resultant srGO enabled the morphological control of the Pt nanoparticles. The prepared catalysts provided efficient surface reactions and exhibited large surface areas and high metal dispersions. The resulting Pt/srGO samples exhibited excellent oxygen reduction performance and high stability over 1000 cycles of accelerated durability tests, especially the sample treated with 2 h of sonication. Detailed investigations of the structural and electrochemical properties of the resulting catalysts suggested that both the chemical functionality and electrical conductivity of these samples greatly influence their enhanced oxygen reduction efficiency.

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“…Chen et al [28] used PteCoN/TiNeCNT as the electrocatalyst of fuel cell and reported better electrochemical performance, higher onset potential and more electron transfer compared to pure platinum. Considering that platinum with carbon black support has low stability and high loss but has good catalytic activity, Cha et al [29] tested the platinum on carbon black and carbon nanotubes. They used platinum as catalyst both for cathode and anode and reported the maximum currency and voltage of 650 mA and 1 V for carbon black, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Performance Improvement of the Catalyst of the Methanol Micro-Fuel Cell Using Carbon Nanotubes

H¹,

M²,

Ebrahimi‐Moghadam³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Due to low working temperature, high energy density and low pollution, proton exchange fuel cells have been investigated under different operating conditions in different applications. Using platinum catalyst in methanol fuel cell leads to increasing the cost of this kind of fuel cells which is considered as a barrier to commercialism of this technology. For this reason, a lot of efforts have been made to reduce the loading of the catalyst required on different supports. In this study, carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been used as catalyst supports of the fuel cell as well as using the double-metal combination of platinum-ruthenium (PtRu) as anode electrode catalyst and platinum (Pt) as cathode electrode catalyst. The performance of these two types of the electro-catalyst in oxidation reaction of methanol has been compared based on electrochemical tests. Results showed that the carbon nanotubes increase the performance of the micro-fuel cell by 37% at maximum power density, compared to the carbon black. Based on thee-electrode tests of chronoamperometry and voltammetry, it was found that oxidation onset potential of methanol for CNT has been around 20% less than CB, leading to the kinetic improvement of the oxidation reaction. In addition, the active electrochemical surface area of catalyst has been increased up to 90% by using CNT compared to CB which shows the significant rise of the electrocatalytic activity in CNT supported catalyst with 62% increase in current density of methanol oxidation reaction respect to CB supported one. Moreover, the resistance of CNT supported sample to poisonous intermediate species has been found 3% more than CB supported one. According to the chronoamperometry test results, it was concluded that the performance and sustainability of NCT electro-catalyst shows remarkable improvement compared to CB electro-catalyst in long term.

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Carbon nanotubes as durable catalyst supports for oxygen reduction electrode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide and montmorillonite as conductive fillers in polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell: an overview

Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide and montmorillonite as conductive fillers in polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell: an overview

Small Reduced Graphene Oxides for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalysts

Electrochemical Performance Improvement of the Catalyst of the Methanol Micro-Fuel Cell Using Carbon Nanotubes

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