Carbon Nanotubes and Other Fullerene Nanocrystals in Domestic Propane and Natural Gas Combustion Streams

Bang, John J.; Guerrero, P. A.; López, Daniel; Murr, L. E.; Esquivel, E. V.

doi:10.1166/jnn.2004.095

Cited by 51 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Bang et al (2004) also found MWCNTs and carbonaceous nanoparticles in aggregates of particulate matter collected from propane or natural gas (containing 96% methane) flames generated by typical kitchen stoves; the aggregates had sizes ranging from 0.4 to 2 µm, putting them in the respirable range. These aggregates were essentially pure carbon or graphene and contained several hundred to several thousand MWCNTs or other related nanocrystal forms with an average diameter of 20 nm.…”

Section: Formation Of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Diesel-related aggregates accounted for 5% of the sample (Murr et al, 2004a). Murr's group (Bang et al, 2004) concluded that MWCNTs and carbonaceous nanoparticles are ubiquitous in the environment; they further speculated that MWCNTs are a major component of indoor and outdoor airborne particulate matter.…”

Section: Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes In the Outdoor Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MWCNTs generated from fuel-gas combustion and found in indoor and outdoor environments (Bang et al, 2004;Murr et al, 2004a) are components of airborne particulate aggregates less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) in size. It has been well established that the sources of PM2.5 include fuel combustion from automobiles, power plants, wood burning, industrial processes, and diesel-powered vehicles such as buses and trucks (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2003b).…”

Section: Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes In Fine Particulate Matter and Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if carbon atoms can be stripped off from ethylene/pyrene during pyrolysis that produced MWCNTs (Che et al, 1998), and from methane and propane during natural-gas combustion that generated MWCNTs, fullerenes, and other carbon nanoparticles (Bang et al, 2004;Murr et al, 2004aMurr et al, , 2004b, one could speculate that some of the carbon atoms formed in the automotive combustion chamber from gasoline (which contains mainly octane and other hydrocarbons) could form MWCNTs. One may speculate that MWCNTs are present in the soot of automotive exhaust.…”

Section: Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes In Fine Particulate Matter and Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Carbon Nanotube Toxicity and Assessment of Potential Occupational and Environmental Health Risks

Lam

James

McCluskey

et al. 2006

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

1,075

652

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Nanotechnology has emerged at the forefront of science research and technology development. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are major building blocks of this new technology. They possess unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, with potential wide applications in the electronics, computer, aerospace, and other industries. CNTs exist in two forms, single-wall (SWCNTs) and multi-wall (MWCNTs). They are manufactured predominately by electrical arc discharge, laser ablation and chemical vapor deposition processes; these processes involve thermally stripping carbon atoms off from carbon-bearing compounds. SWCNT formation requires catalytic metals. There has been a great concern that if CNTs, which are very light, enter the working environment as suspended particulate matter (PM) of respirable sizes, they could pose an occupational inhalation exposure hazard. Very recently, MWCNTs and other carbonaceous nanoparticles in fine (<2.5 µm) PM aggregates have been found in combustion streams of methane, propane, and natural-gas flames of typical stoves; indoor and outdoor fine PM samples were reported to contain significant fractions of MWCNTs. Here we review several rodent studies in which test dusts were administered intratracheally or intrapharyngeally to assess the pulmonary toxicity of manufactured CNTs, and a few in vitro studies to assess biomarkers of toxicity released in CNT-treated skin cell cultures. The results of the rodent studies collectively showed that regardless of the process by which CNTs were synthesized and the types and amounts of metals they contained, CNTs were capable of producing inflammation, epithelioid granulomas (microscopic nodules), fibrosis, and biochemical/toxicological changes in the lungs. Comparative toxicity studies in which mice were given equal weights of test materials showed that SWCNTs were more toxic than quartz, which is considered a serious occupational health hazard if it is chronically inhaled; ultrafine carbon black was shown to produce minimal lung responses. The differences in opinions of the investigators about the potential hazards of exposures to CNTs are discussed here. Presented here are also the possible mechanisms of CNT pathogenesis in the lung and the impact of residual metals and other impurities on the toxicological manifestations. The toxicological hazard assessment of potential human exposures to airborne CNTs and occupational exposure limits for these novel compounds are discussed Address correspondence to Chiu-wing Lam, JSC Toxicology Group, Space Life Sciences, NASA Johnson Space Center, SF23/Wyle, Houston, TX 77058, USA. E-mail: Chiu-wing. 189This document is a U.S. government work and is not subject to copyright in the United States. 190C.-W. LAM ET AL. in detail. Environmental fine PM is known to form mainly from combustion of fuels, and has been reported to be a major contributor to the induction of cardiopulmonary diseases by pollutants. Given that manufactured SWCNTs and MWCNTs were found to elicit pathological changes in the lungs, and SWCNTs...

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Section: Formation Of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes In the Outdoor Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes In Fine Particulate Matter and Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes In Fine Particulate Matter and Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review of Carbon Nanotube Toxicity and Assessment of Potential Occupational and Environmental Health Risks

Lam

James

McCluskey

et al. 2006

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

1,075

652

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Equilibrium adsorption of As (III) and As (V) by nanocrystalline TiO 2 occurred within 4 hours and the adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics in experiments conducted by Peng et al, (2005). Bang et al, (2004) reported that equilibrium was reached in 63 minutes for adsorption of As (V) adsorption and 240 minutes for adsorption of As (III). Manna et al, (2004) investigated the removal of As (III) using a synthesized crystalline hydrous titanium dioxide.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Removing Pollutants From Wastewater By Nano-admentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Pollutants from Water/Waste Water Using Nano-Adsorbents: A Potential Pollution Mitigation

Dinesha¹,

Sharanagouda²,

Udaykumar³

et al. 2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Organic Aerosols

Hoffmann¹,

Warnke²

2007

Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere

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Carbon Nanotubes and Other Fullerene Nanocrystals in Domestic Propane and Natural Gas Combustion Streams

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

A Review of Carbon Nanotube Toxicity and Assessment of Potential Occupational and Environmental Health Risks

A Review of Carbon Nanotube Toxicity and Assessment of Potential Occupational and Environmental Health Risks

Removal of Pollutants from Water/Waste Water Using Nano-Adsorbents: A Potential Pollution Mitigation

Organic Aerosols

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