Carbon nanotube synthesis upon stainless steel meshes

Wal, Randy L. Vander; Hall, Lee J.

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(02)00369-x

Cited by 126 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, some big particles were distributed beside the nanoparticles. It was discussed that the nearby SS nanoparticles could be merged and formed into a single larger particle at high temperature [30]. For the nanoparticles, they cause the formation of MWCNTs with better coverage in contrast to the big particles where big amorphous carbon growth was observed.…”

Section: Based On the Sem Images Of Figures 3(b) And 4(b)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower Ostwald ripening rates derived from the higher surface energies of catalysts deposited on the lower surface energies of substrates. These lower rates may lead to a good catalyst distribution [29][30][31]. Therefore, Inconel (metal alloy based on Ni) has lower surface energy (1.7 J/m 2 ) [29] relative to the Cu surface (1.9 J/m 2 ) [29].…”

Section: Based On the Sem Images Of Figures 3(b) And 4(b)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Buffer Film Assisted Growth of Dense MWCNTs on Copper Foils for Flexible Electrochemical Applications

Pakdee

Duangsawat

2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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The novel Inconel buffer films were prepared on copper foils using unbalance direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. These films were employed as buffer layers for supporting the dense growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with metal alloys such as stainless steel (SS) type 304 films was considered to synthesize MWCNTs. To understand the effectiveness of these buffer films, the MWCNTs grown on buffer-free layer were carried out as a comparison. The main problem such as the diffusion of catalysts into the oxide layer of metal substrate during the CVD process was solved together with a creation of good electrical contact between substrate and nanotubes. The morphologies, crystallinities, and electrochemical behaviors of MWCNTs grown on Inconel buffer films with 304 SS catalysts revealed the better results for applying in flexible electrochemical applications.

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Section: Based On the Sem Images Of Figures 3(b) And 4(b)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Based On the Sem Images Of Figures 3(b) And 4(b)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Buffer Film Assisted Growth of Dense MWCNTs on Copper Foils for Flexible Electrochemical Applications

Pakdee

Duangsawat

2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…PP and PE feedstock contain high amounts of carbon (85.7% each) and (hydrogen 14.3% each). Both pyrolyze effectively (95%) to gas at 800 °C to a variety of light hydrocarbons, including ethylene and propylene, which are effective CNT growth agents [123]. Polystyrene contains more carbon, however, its pyrolyzates contain oils and tars and, thus, less gas than the aforesaid polyolefins, hence its CNT yields are also lower.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is caused by the difference of the carbon diffusion rate between inner and outer layers of the formed CNTs. Some caps were generated at the inner surfaces because the carbon diffusion rate is slower at the inner space of the CNTs than at their outer space [123,[142][143][144]. Fig 23 b shows that there are some dark particles inside the CNTs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, stainless steels (types 304,316,316L) have been reported as feasible catalysts in CNT synthesis from hydrocarbon carbon donors, such as C2H2, C6H6 and C2H6 [123][124][125][126][127][128] . A review of the literature shows that there have been many attempts at improving the CNT generation by using different pre-treatment methods [123,125,[129][130][131][132][133][134][135] .…”

Section: Previous Work On Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of nano-carbons from different waste plastics and diverse catalysts

Wei¹

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Polymers have important and widespread applications in modern materials due to their excellent formability, chemical stability, light weight and low cost. Their production has increased exponentially over the last 60 years after their introduction to the markets from 1.5 million tons/year in 1950 to 322 million tons per year in 2015. Polymeric materials are often discarded after a single use, and post-consumer waste has become a very serious environmental problem, as it is no-biodegradable. Therefore, different recycling, reuse and, even upcycling methods for waste plastics have been investigated. This research aimed at systematically investigating the influence of the types of stainless steel catalysts and their pretreatment on the formation of nanotubes. The targeted polymer feedstocks were postconsumer polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PETE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) as pellets, clippings or powders. The polymers were pyrolyzed in an inert nitrogen atmosphere in an electrically heated furnace kept at 800 °C. Their effluent gases from this furnace, containing the gaseous pyrolyzates of the polymers, were then channeled to a separate electrically-heated furnace, were the catalyst substrates were heated to 800 °C. Therein synthesis of carbon nanotubes took place by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in nitrogen. The catalytic substrates used for the nanoparticle growth were T304, T316, and T316L stainless steel meshes. The substrates were used as received, or pretreated by acid wash and/or heat-treated in air or in nitrogen at 800 °C. The produced nanomaterials were characterized by the use of SEM and TEM.

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Free Form Growth of Carbon Nanotube Microarchitectures on Stainless Steel Controlled via Laser‐Stimulated Catalyst Formation

Reinhardt

Hellmann

Nürnberger

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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Freeform growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is demonstrated on stainless steel AISI 304 (EN AW 1.4301) modified by pulsed laser irradiation. A nanosecond pulsed laser is utilized as a fast and facile tool for the generation of transition metal oxide precursors that promote spatially selective CNT growth upon chemical vapor deposition at 800 °C in an atmosphere comprising n‐hexane and forming gas (5% H2/95% N2). Investigations on a set of 12 precursor oxides indicate that iron‐rich transition metal oxides with high granularity provide best conditions for CNT growth. The laser‐induced generation of specific oxide precursors facilitates the fabrication of complex CNT microarchitectures. High levels of control over CNT location and height as well as the option to influence CNT alignment provide great flexibilities in design. The introduced technique displays a high degree of automatability and the potential for upscaling thus meeting the increasing demand for large scale fabrication of CNT‐enhanced devices.

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Carbon nanotube synthesis upon stainless steel meshes

Cited by 126 publications

References 32 publications

Buffer Film Assisted Growth of Dense MWCNTs on Copper Foils for Flexible Electrochemical Applications

Buffer Film Assisted Growth of Dense MWCNTs on Copper Foils for Flexible Electrochemical Applications

Synthesis of nano-carbons from different waste plastics and diverse catalysts

Free Form Growth of Carbon Nanotube Microarchitectures on Stainless Steel Controlled via Laser‐Stimulated Catalyst Formation

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