Carbon Nanotube-Incorporated Nanofibers for Immunosensor Preparation against CD36

Abstract

The increased serum concentration of CD36 is significantly associated with atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. Currently, there is no sensor system used for the detection of CD36 in the clinical field. Therefore, there is a need to develop a sensor system for the detection of CD36. The large surface area/volume ratio and controllable surface conformation of electrospun nanofibers (ENs) make them highly attractive for immunosensor applications. In the present study, PS/MWCNT-PAMAM ENs were produced and used as an immobilization matrix of Anti-CD36. Thus, the electrochemical behavior of the developed nanocomposite-based ENs and their usage potential were investigated for immunosensor applications. First, an oxidized multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT-OH) was synthesized and modified with a polyamidoamine generation 3 (PAMAM G3) dendrimer. The synthesized MWCNT-PAMAM nanocomposite was mixed with polystyrene (PS) solutions at different ratios to produce bead-free, smooth, and uniform PS/MWCNT-PAMAM ENs. PS/MWCNT-PAMAM ENs were accumulated on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) using the electrospinning technique. A biofunctional surface on the PS/MWCNT-PAMAM EN-coated SPCE was created using carbodiimide chemistry by covalent immobilization of Anti-CD36. The analytic performance characteristics of the developed PS/MWCNT-PAMAM/Anti-CD36 immunosensor were determined by performing electrochemical measurements in the presence of the CD36 protein. The linear detection range was found to be from 5 to 40 ng/mL, and the limit of detection was calculated as 3.94 ng/mL for CD36. The developed PS/MWCNT-PAMAM/Anti-CD36 immunosensor also displayed high tolerance to interference substances, good repeatability, and high recovery percent (recovery%) for artificial blood serum analysis.

Carbon-Based Nanomaterials Decorated Electrospun Nanofibers in Biosensors: A Review

“…They reported that the linear determination range of this system was 5 to 40 ng/mL and the detection limit was 3.94 ng/mL. 67 As seen in the literature, biosensor systems developed with ESNFs-CNTs nanocomposites have been reported to provide good stability and high electron transfer capability. This suggests that biosensor systems developed based on small ESFNs-CNTs have promising potential for the detection of many analytes.…”

“…They tested the applicability of the PS/MWCNT-PAMAM they developed in the electrochemical biosensor system for CD36 determination. They reported that the linear determination range of this system was 5 to 40 ng/mL and the detection limit was 3.94 ng/mL Table offers a concise and informative summary of recently developed biosensor systems based on ESNFs-CNTs.…”

Electrospun Nanofibers including Organic/Inorganic Nanohybrids: Polystyrene- and Clay-Based Architectures in Immunosensor Preparation for Serum Amyloid A

“…The impact on solvent-type PS nanofibers is considerable. Consequently, numerous solvents, including 1,2-dichloroethane, N,N-DMF, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and even limonene, were studied for the electrospinning of PS [43][44][45]. Because of its higher boiling point, conductivity, and dielectric constant compared with other solvents, the widely used DMF was the most favored solvent for the synthesis of homogenous PS nanofibers with a smooth surface [46][47][48].…”

“…The current increased af-ter the covalent immobilization of Anti-SAA on PS/MMT-PAMAM G3 . Because antigenbinding fragments (Fab) 2 are generally positively charged in the PBS medium at pH 7.4, electrostatic attraction occurred between K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] and the PS/MMT-PAMAM G3 /Anti-SAA-modified GCE, which caused an increased electron-transfer rate resulting in a higher electrochemical current [43]. The decrease in current was observed with the binding of SAA to the PS/MMT-PAMAM G3 /Anti-SAA-modified GCE surface.…”

Green Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedicine and Biotechnology

“…Biopolymer surfaces stabilize fragile biomolecules while allowing molecular access. Future work may develop multiplexed detection of pathogen/toxin panels or optimization of the Optifin Reader for future personalized rapid diagnostics [142][143][144][145][146][147]. Overall, these green recognition interfaces coupled with miniaturized electronics offer biocompatible, integrated immunosensor systems for applications in point-of-care testing through portable device formats.…”