Carbon Nanopore-Tailored Reverse Osmotic Water Desalination

Abstract

Water desalination is receiving an increasing amount of attention because of the global concern of sustainability. Emerging nanoporous materials are investigated to selectively separate ions for producing freshwater. This review addresses the role of nanopores in ion/water separation and then discusses current efforts and state-of-the-art methods regarding the effect of nanopore geometry on the water desalination process and performance, particularly carbon nanostructure-based water desalination. Finally, the prospect of nanopore-induced water desalination is described.

Surface Modification of a Thin-Film Composite (TFC) Nanofiltration Membrane with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) for Efficient Dye–Salt Separation

“…3−5 Removing and recycling dyes and salts as renewable resources to reduce their environmental impacts are of significant importance. 6 The emerging membrane technology has attracted tremendous attention in wastewater treatment due to its cost-efficiency and environmentally friendly characteristics. With the appeal of zero liquid discharge, membrane separation could not only remove the contaminants but also recycle high-value-added components from the waste.…”

Sustainable pressure-driven membrane facility controlled by a smartphone application for groundwater desalination in the dry zone of Sri Lanka

“…In some cases, artificial salts were added to maintain a water-electrolyte balance that often results in peculiar taste (Bragg, 1993;Kozisek, 2005). Moreover, to regulate solute levels at desired concentrations, recently tuneable membranes are also developed (Stevens et al, 2017;di Vincenzo et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2021). However, such technologies are presently at an experimental scale.…”

Solid-State Nanopore for Molecular Detection

“…For example, improvement and upgradation of atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron beam lithography (EBL), scanning electron microscope (SEM), which facilitated the fabrication processes and characterization procedures [1]. This updated nanopore technology has been applied in a wide range of application areas including biomolecule sensing [2], gas separation [3], selective ion filtration [4], water desalination [5], energy conversion [6] and power generation [7]. Among the various applications, nanopore-based biomolecule sensing has attracted much attention due to its detection capability of single analyte molecules at low concentration [8], structural modification of molecules [9] and discrimination of nucleotide sequences in molecular structures [10].…”