Carbon nanoparticle surface functionalisation: converting negatively charged sulfonate to positively charged sulfonamide

Watkins, John D.; Lawrence, Ruth; Taylor, James E.; Bull, Steven D.; Nelson, Geoffrey W.; Foord, John S.; Wolverson, Daniel; Rassaei, Liza; Evans, Nicholas D.M.; Gascon, Silvia Anton; Marken, Frank

doi:10.1039/b927434k

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…After evaporation of ethanol in air, non-uniform aggregates were visible on the electrode surface. [19]). Therefore the density of anthraquinone molecules bound to the carbon surface is relatively high with an approximate "molecular footprint" of 180 2 per anthraquinone (or approximately 5 10 À13 mol cm…”

Section: Procedures Iii: Deposition Of Carbon Nanoparticle Aggregatesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…It was possible to form surface sulfonamides with additional amine functionality by reacting enthylendiamine with the sulfonyl chloride intermediate [19] (see Figure 1). The resulting amine-functionalised particles were shown to possess typically 600 amine functional groups and allow electrostatic binding for example to anionic indigo carmine [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Nanoparticle Surface Electrochemistry: High‐Density Covalent Immobilisation and Pore‐Reactivity of 9,10‐Anthraquinone

et al. 2011

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2-Bromomethyl-9,10-anthraquinone is covalently bound to carbon nanoparticle surfaces (Emperor 2000, Cabot Corp., with sulphonamide groups, ca. 9 to 18 nm diameter) with a coverage of ca. 250 anthraquinone molecules per particle (ca. 180 2 per anthraquinone). The resulting hydrophobic carbon particles are dispersed in ethanol and coated onto glassy carbon electrodes. Electrochemical experiments are reported demonstrating the effect of surface coverage, scan rate, and pH. A linear shift in reversible potential of ca. 59 mV per pH unit from pH 2 to 12 is observed consistent with the reversible 2-electron 2-proton reduction of anthraquinone. High density of anthraquinone in carbon nanoparticle aggregates causes buffer capacity effects. Binding of hydrophobic tetraphenylborate anions into carbon nanoparticle aggregate pores is demonstrated. Applications in buffer characterisation and pH-sensing are discussed.

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Section: Procedures Iii: Deposition Of Carbon Nanoparticle Aggregatesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanoparticle Surface Electrochemistry: High‐Density Covalent Immobilisation and Pore‐Reactivity of 9,10‐Anthraquinone

et al. 2011

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“…Indium‐tin oxide (ITO) coated glass plates (8–12 Ω cm 2 ) were obtained from Delta Technologies Ltd. USA. CNPs + were prepared by conversion of CNPs − functionalities to positively charged sulfonamide functionalities by literature procedure . Water was filtered and demineralised with an ELIX system (Millipore).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Detection of Positively Charged Carbon Nanoparticles Suspension in Flow

et al. 2018

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The electrochemical behaviour of suspended nanoparticles received some attention recently. Very few studies are performed in the flow system. Here, we have demonstrated that injection of positively charged (with ammonium functionalities) carbon nanoparticles suspension to flowing ascorbic acid solution significantly enhances its chronoamperometric response and can be used for these nanoparticles detection. This is because of electrocatalytic properties of these nanoparticles towards ascorbic acid electrooxidation. The magnitude of the signal depends on the type of flow system and is larger than in the case of suspension of negatively charged nanoparticles. It is also proportional to the concentration of nanoparticles. Their adsorption on the electrode surface plays the crucial role in the electrode process.

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“…Positively charged CNP were prepared by earlier described procedure. 41 Polishing pad and alumina slurries were obtained from Buehler.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, we selected negatively charged phenylsulfonated carbon nanoparticles (CNPÀ) commercially available from Emperor2000 and their positively charged counterparts (CNP+) where phenylsulfonated functionalities were converted to sulphonamides. 41 These nanoparticles belong to the wide range of functionalised carbon nanoparticles 42 and have previously exhibited electrocatalytic properties toward oxidation of biologically active compounds as ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid and separation of their electrochemical signals. 43,44 Interestingly, other MoS 2 hybrids with reduced graphene oxide and other components were recently prepared and applied for the same purpose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon–MoS₂ nanohybrid materials: electrocatalytic performance towards selected biomolecules

et al. 2016

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Carbon nanoparticle surface functionalisation: converting negatively charged sulfonate to positively charged sulfonamide

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Carbon Nanoparticle Surface Electrochemistry: High‐Density Covalent Immobilisation and Pore‐Reactivity of 9,10‐Anthraquinone

Carbon Nanoparticle Surface Electrochemistry: High‐Density Covalent Immobilisation and Pore‐Reactivity of 9,10‐Anthraquinone

Electrochemical Detection of Positively Charged Carbon Nanoparticles Suspension in Flow

Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon–MoS₂ nanohybrid materials: electrocatalytic performance towards selected biomolecules

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Carbon nanoparticle surface functionalisation: converting negatively charged sulfonate to positively charged sulfonamide

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Carbon Nanoparticle Surface Electrochemistry: High‐Density Covalent Immobilisation and Pore‐Reactivity of 9,10‐Anthraquinone

Carbon Nanoparticle Surface Electrochemistry: High‐Density Covalent Immobilisation and Pore‐Reactivity of 9,10‐Anthraquinone

Electrochemical Detection of Positively Charged Carbon Nanoparticles Suspension in Flow

Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon–MoS2 nanohybrid materials: electrocatalytic performance towards selected biomolecules

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Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon–MoS₂ nanohybrid materials: electrocatalytic performance towards selected biomolecules