Carbon Nanohorns as Effective Nanotherapeutics in Cancer Therapy

Curcio, Manuela; Cirillo, Giuseppe; Saletta, Federica; Michniewicz, Filip; Nicoletta, Fiore Pasquale; Vittorio, Orazio; Hampel, Silke; Iemma, Francesca

doi:10.3390/c7010003

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…The promising aspects of the CNH are connected with their large-scale production with high purity, thermal stability, semiconductor properties, large surface area, porosity, and the capacity to encapsulate clusters of small drug molecules . Furthermore, in the nanomedicine field, the CNH represent an attractive DDS since their hydrophobicity and poor dispersibility in aqueous solution can be reduced by means of chemical functionalization, such as the oxidation reactions and the noncovalent decoration with metal nanoparticles, porphyrins, and pyrene units . These postsynthesis treatments also contribute to the outstanding biocompatibility of these carbon-based nanovectors, which is, in turn, superior to the one related to the carbon nanotubes (CNT) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning the use of CNH as nanovectors in cancer therapy, the encapsulation of the well-known cisplatin ( cis -diaminedichloroplatinum(II)), named herein as cddp (see Figure A), into this carbon nanomaterial has been a widely studied strategy. − It occurs due to the strong antitumor activity of this drug and the possibility to reduce its severe side effects. , In this context, Lucío et al developed a selective CNH-based nanocarrier with cddp molecules as prodrug species for killing prostate cancer cells. The efficiency of this DDS in selectively targeting the tumor cells was achieved due to the attachment of the monoclonal antibody D2B, which presented a selectivity for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), onto the surface of these nanomaterials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveiling the Releasing Processes of Pt(II)-Based Anticancer Drugs from Oxidized Carbon Nanohorn: An In Silico Study

2022

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About half of all cancer chemotherapies currently applied involve medication with the three worldwide approved Pt(II)-based drugs, cisplatin (cddp), carboplatin (cpx), and oxaliplatin (oxa), due to their notable antitumor activity for several cancers. However, this wide application is accompanied by severe side effects, such as nephrotoxicity, myelosuppression, and neurotoxicity, as a result of their low bioavailability and selectivity for cancer cells. To mitigate these drawbacks, the use of chemically functionalized carbon nanohorns (CNH) as nanocarriers represents a potential formulation since CNH has been noted for their biodegradability, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and cavities dimensionally compatible with small drugs. This work reports energetic and dynamic analyses of complexes formed by oxidized CNH (CNHox) and the cddp, cpx, and oxa drugs. Using unbiased molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we show that the encapsulated formulations (cddp@CNHox, cpx@CNHox, and oxa@CNHox) were more stable by ∼11.0 kcal mol–1 than the adsorbed ones (cddp > CNHox, cpx > CNHox, and oxa > CNHox). This high stability, mainly governed by van der Waals interactions, was responsible for the drug confinement during the entire simulation time (200 ns). The biased MD simulations of the inclusion complexes confirmed the nonspontaneity of the drug release since the potentials of mean force (PMF) indicated the endergonic character of this process. Additionally, the releasing energy profiles pointed out that the free energy barrier (ΔΔG ≠) for the escape from CNHox cavity follows the order oxa > cpx ∼ cddp, with the value for the oxa complex (21–26 kcal mol–1) found to be about 36 and 30% larger than those for cpx and cddp, respectively. While the approximate residence time (t res) of the oxa drug inside the CNHox cavity was 5.45 × 108 s, the same measure for the cddp and cpx drugs was 5.3 × 105 and 1.60 × 103 s. Simulations also revealed that the escape of oxa with the oxalate group facing the nanowindow was the most unfavorable process, giving t res = 1.09 × 109 s. Besides reinforcing and extending the nanovectorization of cddp, cpx, and oxa in CNHox for cancer chemotherapies, all features considered may provide interpretations for experimental data and encourage new investigations aiming to propose less aggressive treatments for oncological diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Releasing Processes of Pt(II)-Based Anticancer Drugs from Oxidized Carbon Nanohorn: An In Silico Study

2022

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“…strated an enhanced anticancer ability in inducing drug to cancer cells than the free CDDP samples. According to the authors, the attachment of the SWCNHs to the cells is responsible for the enhanced quantity of locally release related to CDDP-loaded SWCNHs drugs [107]. Figure 6 depicts a schematic diagram of the synthesis method of Phycocyanin @ SWCNHs and its application for near-infrared light-mediated photodynamic/photothermal cancer therapy [108].…”

Section: Carbon Nanohornsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of carbon allotropes composites for targeted cancer therapy drugs: A review

Niazvand¹,

Wagh

Khazraei

et al. 2021

jcc

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In recent years, various drug carrier nanomaterials have been investigated to improve drug delivery systems in cancer treatment. However, an ongoing requirement exists for more beneficial therapeutic materials, yielding rapid clearance, high capacity for reducing systemic toxicity via specific-tumor targeting, and superior drug solubility. Given that, carbon allotropes, including Active Carbon (AC), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and graphene oxides (GOs), nanodiamonds (NDs), fullerenes, carbon nanohorns, soporous carbons, and carbon dots, have been studied owing to their high thermal conductivity, rigid structure, flexibility for modification and functionalization, adequate surface-to-volume ratio, and high biocompatibility. This review aims to overview recent advances in applying different carbon allotrope composites in drug delivery-based cancer therapy systems.

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“…The study of the behavior of water inside nanocones is relevant because of the structural advantages of nanocones [ 37 – 38 ]. The flow of water in nanocones is higher than the mobility observed in nanotubes [ 39 – 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones

Leivas¹,

Barbosa²

2023

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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In this work, we propose a method to harvest liquid water from water vapor using carbon nanocones. The condensation occurs due to the presence of hydrophilic sites at the nanocone entrance. The functionalization, together with the high mobility of water inside nanostructures, leads to a fast water flow through the nanostructure. We show using molecular dynamics simulations that this device is able to collect water if the surface functionalization is properly selected.

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Carbon Nanohorns as Effective Nanotherapeutics in Cancer Therapy

Cited by 14 publications

References 128 publications

Unveiling the Releasing Processes of Pt(II)-Based Anticancer Drugs from Oxidized Carbon Nanohorn: An In Silico Study

Unveiling the Releasing Processes of Pt(II)-Based Anticancer Drugs from Oxidized Carbon Nanohorn: An In Silico Study

Application of carbon allotropes composites for targeted cancer therapy drugs: A review

Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones

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