Carbon nanofiber–sulfur composite cathode materials with different binders for secondary Li/S cells

Rao, Mumin; Song, Xiangyun; Liao, Hong‐Gang; Cairns, Elton J.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.01.051

Cited by 115 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…1,2 In this context, various carbon materials, such as microporous carbon, mesoporous carbon, and hollow or porous carbon fibres, have been proposed as the conducting frameworks for incorporating elemental sulfur and providing sufficient electrical conductivity. [10][11][12][13][14] A high demand for solving the low conductivity problem of elemental sulfur has caused sulfur composites with intimate electrical contact between the carbon and insulating sulfur to become a popular form of cathode material based on a reaction mechanism of a direct electron transfer between solid sulfur and the conducting materials (e.g., carbon). [1][2][3][4] To date, however, conclusive evidence for the direct charge transfer process between solid sulfur and the conducting materials has not been reported yet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Reduction Mechanism of Sulfur Particles Electrically Isolated from Carbon Cathodes of Lithium-Sulfur Cells

Koh

Park

Kim

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This work presents a new insight into the reduction mechanism of solid sulfur during the first step of cell discharge, that is, a 2.4 V plateau in Li-S batteries, by testing a specially designed cell with the solid sulfur electrically isolated from the carbon cathode and comparing it with a conventional cell. Importantly, the cell with the electrically isolated sulfur particles confined between two separators shows very normal operation even during the first cycle and provides the same result as a conventional cell after several cycles. Based on the controlled potentiostatic and galvanostatic experiments, we propose a reasonable reaction route: a portion of the electrically isolated solid sulfur (S 8 ) is dissolved in the electrolyte solution to form sulfur molecules, which can be electrochemically reduced to polysulfides on the carbon surface.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Reduction Mechanism of Sulfur Particles Electrically Isolated from Carbon Cathodes of Lithium-Sulfur Cells

Koh

Park

Kim

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…are reported to promote structure stability of sulfur electrodes as high adhesion agents. Moreover, they serve as the strong dispersion agents for uniform distribution of sulfur and ensure a good electrical conductive contact, leading to improved cycle retention [43,56,57].…”

Section: Binder and Conductive Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The binders most commonly used in Li/S cells are polymeric materials which may be (a) ionically conducting, like PEO [11,12,33,35,[39][40][41], nafion [42], polyacrylic acid (PAA) [43], (b) electronically conducting, like polyanilines and polypyrroles [44,45], or (c) inert, like poly(tetrafluoro ethylene) (PTFE) [46][47][48], fluorinated polymers like PVdF and poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene) (PVdF-HFP) [31,44,[49][50][51][52], polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) [53], gelatin [54,55], carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and styrene-butadiene rubbers [13,56,57]. The binder has to strongly bind the positive active material and conductive agent to the current collector and enhance the mechanical integrity of the electrode.…”

Section: Binder and Conductive Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium/Sulfur Secondary Batteries: A Review

Zhao

Cheruvally

Kim

et al. 2016

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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Lithium batteries based on elemental sulfur as the cathode-active material capture great attraction due to the high theoretical capacity, easy availability, low cost and non-toxicity of sulfur. Although lithium/sulfur (Li/S) primary cells were known much earlier, the interest in developing Li/S secondary batteries that can deliver high energy and high power was actively pursued since early 1990's. A lot of technical challenges including the low conductivity of sulfur, dissolution of sulfurreduction products in the electrolyte leading to their migration away from the cathode, and deposition of solid reaction products on cathode matrix had to be tackled to realize a high and stable performance from rechargeable Li/S cells. This article presents briefly an overview of the studies pertaining to the different aspects of Li/S batteries including those that deal with the sulfur electrode, electrolytes, lithium anode and configuration of the batteries.

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“…24,25 Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is the most prevalent binder used today, although recent reports have suggested that PVDF can block the pores of mesostructured conductive carbons, which negatively impacts the available surface area for Li 2 S deposition. 26 Alternative binders-including gelatin, 27 polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 28 PVP blends with Nafion, 29 PAMAM dendrimers, 30 polycationic β-cyclodextrins, 31 polyacrylic acid, 32 polyethylene oxide, 33 and carboxymethylcellulose:styrenebutadiene-rubber (CMC:SBR) 34,35 -have therefore focused on addressing one or more of these binder attributes as a means to improve cathode performance. Some of the most successful binders have been shown to mitigate the migration of soluble polysulfides from the cathode into the electrolyte, which otherwise would lead to stranded sulfur in the cell or instabilities in the lithium anode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox-Active Supramolecular Polymer Binders for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries That Adapt Their Transport Properties in Operando

Frischmann¹,

Hwa

Cairns

et al. 2016

Chem. Mater.

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π-Stacked perylene bisimide (PBI) molecules are implemented here as highly networked, redox-active supramolecular polymer binders in sulfur cathodes for lightweight and energy-dense Li-S batteries. We show that the in operando reduction and lithiation of these PBI binders sustainably reduces Li-S cell impedance relative to non-redox active conventional polymer binders. This lower impedance enables high-rate cycling in Li-S cells with excellent durability, a critical step toward unlocking the full potential of Li-S batteries for electric vehicles and aviation. INTRODUCTIONBreakthroughs in battery electrodes that enable energydense, high-power, and low-cost energy storage are necessary to catalyze a societal shift from fossil fuels to a carbon-neutral future powered by renewable energy. Of the forward-looking battery chemistries, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells offer certain advantages over more established Li-ion chemistries with respect to the high theoretical specific capacity of the sulfur cathode (1675 mAh g −1 vs. 272 mAh g −1 for a LiCoO 2 cathode), the low cost of sulfur (<$200 ton −1 ), the low environmental impact of sulfur, and the improved safety of the cell.

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Carbon nanofiber–sulfur composite cathode materials with different binders for secondary Li/S cells

Cited by 115 publications

References 32 publications

Electrochemical Reduction Mechanism of Sulfur Particles Electrically Isolated from Carbon Cathodes of Lithium-Sulfur Cells

Electrochemical Reduction Mechanism of Sulfur Particles Electrically Isolated from Carbon Cathodes of Lithium-Sulfur Cells

Lithium/Sulfur Secondary Batteries: A Review

Redox-Active Supramolecular Polymer Binders for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries That Adapt Their Transport Properties in Operando

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