Carbon nano-onions: Synthesis, characterization, and application

Ghalkhani, Masoumeh; Khosrowshahi, Elnaz Marzi; Sohouli, Esmail

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821996-6.00006-3

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 242 publications

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“…CNOs consist of a cage-within-a-cage structure composed of multishell fullerene. Their exceptional biosafety and biocompatibility play an important role in their diverse applications including environmental applications . The large surface area, possible π–π interaction, high density of surface-active sites, and hydrophobicity of the CNOs make them an attractive choice in water purification applications .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their exceptional biosafety and biocompatibility play an important role in their diverse applications including environmental applications. 30 The large surface area, possible π−π interaction, high density of surface-active sites, and hydrophobicity of the CNOs make them an attractive choice in water purification applications. 31 Much attention has been paid to sustainable CNOs derived from biomass or pollutant soot due to their importance from the environmental and economic points of view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adsorptive Removal of Nitrophenols from Water by Biomass-Derived Carbon Nano-Onions

Kumari,

Tripathi,

Awasthi

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorptive Removal of Nitrophenols from Water by Biomass-Derived Carbon Nano-Onions

Kumari,

Tripathi,

Awasthi

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Despite all these Ni nanoparticle systems holding catalytic significance, Ni/Ni 3 C nanoparticles have garnered particular interest due to their ease of synthesis through chemical routes and their promising role as catalysts in the self-assembly and growth of carbonaceous nanomaterials, particularly CNOs. , These carbon nanostructures consist of hierarchically stacked fullerene-like structures, resembling the layers of an onion, with thicknesses ranging from 2 to 100 nm, and they exhibit high electrical conductivity. ,, The hierarchical structure of Ni/Ni 3 C nanoparticles enables the encapsulation of Ni nanoparticles within CNOs through the catalytic graphitization of amorphous carbon during annealing at temperatures above 300 °C under an inert atmosphere, as demonstrated in the literature. , This process enhances the resistance of nanoparticles to corrosive chemical and physical environments, extending the lifespan of catalysts based on these materials and further improving their optical and photocatalytic properties. , However, the growth of carbon nanostructures in Ni/Ni 3 C systems is dependent on parameters such as the size, morphology, atmosphere, proportion of crystalline phases, and surface functionalization of these nanoparticles, which can be controlled through parametrized synthesis processes. As a result, a number of synthesis protocols have been developed with the goal of controlling the shape, size, and functionality of the surfaces of these materials. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Ni/Ni₃C Nanoparticle Synthesis for Application as a Catalyst in Carbon Nanostructure Growth

Silva,

Cabrera-Pasca,

Souza

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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The synthesis of functional Ni/Ni 3 C nanoparticles has attracted significant interest, especially in the field of electrocatalysis, where these promising nanoparticles are employed to develop sophisticated electrocatalysts, particularly for hydrogen production through the hydrogen evolution reaction. However, the significant reactivity of these systems makes them susceptible to degradation, compromising their catalyst performance. One solution explored to mitigate this problem involves the catalytic growth of carbon nanostructures to encapsulate and protect these nanoparticles. The mechanisms for the formation of carbon nanostructures from nanoparticles remain the subject of this study. Among the reported processes, the annealing of nanocatalysts has been described as a highly effective method for producing such systems. This process is influenced by parameters, such as the temperature, atmosphere, and structural and morphological characteristics of the nanocatalysts. In the work reported here, we evaluated the influence of different ligand pairs (oleylamine/oleic acid and oleylamine/palm kernel oil) on the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of Ni/Ni 3 C nanoparticles obtained through thermal decomposition at 240 °C for 3 h. Additionally, we investigated the impact of annealing in a nitrogen atmosphere on the structural properties of these nanoparticles and the growth of carbon nanostructures as a protective mechanism. The analyses include conventional techniques such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), magnetization measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis with differential scanning calorimetry. Additionally, local analysis was conducted using perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy (PAC) across a broad temperature range (30−693 K), utilizing the radioactive tracer 111 In( 111 Cd) for these measurements. The characterizations revealed that palm kernel oil contributes to the formation of nanoparticles with a higher Ni 3 C content, a broader size distribution, and a lower saturation magnetization. The PAC measurements in the range of 30−50 K, along with density functional theory calculations, indicated the absence of the Ni-hcp phase in the nanoparticles, a topic frequently discussed in the literature. Moreover, the presence of Ni 3 C regions with carbon deficiency was identified, characterized by a quadrupole frequency (ν Q ) of 23 MHz and a hyperfine field (B hf ) of 1 T. The temperature-dependent local analysis, combined with thermal analysis and TEM measurements, confirmed the development of carbon nano-onions around the nanoparticles during thermal treatment above 695 K in a nitrogen atmosphere. This observation demonstrates that nanoparticles obtained with palm kernel oil, which has the highest Ni 3 C content, offer superior encapsulation of Ni nuclei through these graphitic nanostructures.

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“…Also, N atoms, having high electronegativity compared to C and H atoms, induce a positive charge on the adjacent carbon atoms, which increases the active sites on the electrode surface to bind electrolyte ions and enhances electrode wettability [21][22][23]. Carbon nano onions (CNOs) are carbon particles containing multiple layers of graphene with SP 2 hybridization [24,25]. The layered structure in CNOs spheres has caused the creation of many ion channels and pores, as well as increasing the accessibility of the outer surface of the structure, and these structural features increase its electrocatalytic activity [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of high-performance supercapacitor electrode with nanocomposite of CuO/NCNO flower-like

Sohouli

Adib

2022

Preprint

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Due to their importance, different studies have been performed on energy storage systems based on supercapacitors. In this case study, a capacitor electrode based on carbon nano onions (CNOs) and copper oxide (CuO) nanocomposite was synthesized by the hydrothermal synthesis method. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). Then, the supercapacitance of electrodes based on nickel foam was investigated during autoclave-mediated synthesizing nanocomposite in a 3 M potassium hydroxide solution. In a three-electrode system, the supercapacitor capacitances of flower-like CuO and CNO/CuO nanocomposite at current density 4 A/g were found to be 155 and 315 F/g, respectively. The high stability of the method after 3000 consecutive cycles showed that this electrode has appropriate stability. The supercapacitive properties obtained for NCNO with high surface area help to improve the supercapacitor capacitance of flower-like CuO, which has quasi-supercapacitive properties. In a two-electrode system, the capacitance, the obtained power density, and energy density at a current density of 4 A/g were 450 F/g, 3200 W/kg, and 98 Wh/kg, respectively. Also, stability and low charge transfer resistance are other advantages obtained in a two-symmetrical electrode investigation.

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Carbon nano-onions: Synthesis, characterization, and application

Cited by 12 publications

References 242 publications

Adsorptive Removal of Nitrophenols from Water by Biomass-Derived Carbon Nano-Onions

Adsorptive Removal of Nitrophenols from Water by Biomass-Derived Carbon Nano-Onions

Investigation of Ni/Ni₃C Nanoparticle Synthesis for Application as a Catalyst in Carbon Nanostructure Growth

Preparation of high-performance supercapacitor electrode with nanocomposite of CuO/NCNO flower-like

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Carbon nano-onions: Synthesis, characterization, and application

Cited by 12 publications

References 242 publications

Adsorptive Removal of Nitrophenols from Water by Biomass-Derived Carbon Nano-Onions

Adsorptive Removal of Nitrophenols from Water by Biomass-Derived Carbon Nano-Onions

Investigation of Ni/Ni3C Nanoparticle Synthesis for Application as a Catalyst in Carbon Nanostructure Growth

Preparation of high-performance supercapacitor electrode with nanocomposite of CuO/NCNO flower-like

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Investigation of Ni/Ni₃C Nanoparticle Synthesis for Application as a Catalyst in Carbon Nanostructure Growth