Carbon Monitoring System Flux Net Biosphere Exchange 2020 (CMS-Flux NBE 2020)

Liu, Junjie; Baskaran, Latha; Bowman, K. W.; Schimel, David; Bloom, A. Anthony; Parazoo, Nicholas C.; Oda, Tatsuya; Carroll, Dustin; Menemenlis, Dimitris; Joiner, Joanna; Commane, R.; Daube, Bruce C.; Gatti, Luciana V.; McKain, Kathryn; Miller, J. B.; Stephens, Britton B.; Sweeney, Colm; Wofsy, Steven C.

doi:10.5194/essd-2020-123

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Unfortunately, the time periods of these data sets do not overlap, and we are limited to a 6‐year period for the NEE estimates from Byrne et al (2020). Ongoing research is working toward building decadal‐scale records of NEE from space‐based CO 2 observations (Liu, Baskarran, et al, 2020). Thus, we expect that future studies that will be able to more precisely identify differences in IAV between TBMs and observationally constrained estimates over the same time period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Regional Carbon Cycle Responses to Seasonal Climate Anomalies Across the East‐West Divide of Temperate North America

Byrne

Liu

Bloom

et al. 2020

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Across temperate North America, interannual variability (IAV) in gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and their relationship with environmental drivers are poorly understood. Here, we examine IAV in GPP and NEE and their relationship to environmental drivers using two state-of-the-science flux products: NEE constrained by surface and space-based atmospheric CO 2 measurements over 2010-2015 and satellite up-scaled GPP from FluxSat over 2001-2017. We show that the arid western half of temperate North America provides a larger contribution to IAV in GPP (104% of east) and NEE (127% of east) than the eastern half, in spite of smaller magnitude of annual mean GPP and NEE. This occurs because anomalies in western ecosystems are temporally coherent across the growing season leading to an amplification of GPP and NEE. In contrast, IAV in GPP and NEE in eastern ecosystems is dominated by seasonal compensation effects, associated with opposite responses to temperature anomalies in spring and summer. Terrestrial biosphere models in the MsTMIP ensemble generally capture these differences between eastern and western temperate North America, although there is considerable spread between models. Recently, space-based measurements of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO 2 (X CO 2) have allowed for much expanded observational of coverage, leading to top-down NEE constraints on smaller spatial scales (

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Regional Carbon Cycle Responses to Seasonal Climate Anomalies Across the East‐West Divide of Temperate North America

Byrne

Liu

Bloom

et al. 2020

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…fraction data comes from surface stations, which have been available in increasing numbers since 1957. More recently, total column mole fraction of CO2 have been observed with global coverage by satellites, GOSAT since 2009 and OCO-2 since 2014 (Liu et al, 2020). Because the sampling of the atmosphere is sparse, even with the recent global satellite observations, there is an infinite number of flux combinations that can fit atmospheric CO2 observations within their errors.…”

Section: Land Co2 Fluxes Covered By Inversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Definitions and methods to estimate regional land carbon fluxes for the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project (RECCAP-2)

Ciais¹,

Bastos²,

Chevallier³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Regional land carbon budgets provide insights on the spatial distribution of the land uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and can be used to evaluate carbon cycle models and to define baselines for land-based additional mitigation efforts. The scientific community has been involved in providing observation-based estimates of regional carbon budgets either by downscaling atmospheric CO2 observations into surface fluxes with atmospheric inversions, by using inventories of carbon stock changes in terrestrial ecosystems, by upscaling local field observations such as flux towers with gridded climate and remote sensing fields or by integrating data-driven or process-oriented terrestrial carbon cycle models. The first coordinated attempt to collect regional carbon budgets for nine regions covering the entire globe in the RECCAP-1 project has delivered estimates for the decade 2000–2009, but these budgets were not comparable between regions, due to different definitions and component fluxes reported or omitted. The recent recognition of lateral fluxes of carbon by human activities and rivers, that connect CO2 uptake in one area with its release in another also requires better definition and protocols to reach harmonized regional budgets that can be summed up to the globe and compared with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and inversion results. In this study, for the international initiative RECCAP-2 coordinated by the Global Carbon Project, which aims as an update of regional carbon budgets over the last two decades based on observations, for 10 regions covering the globe, with a better harmonization that the precursor project, we provide recommendations for using atmospheric inversions results to match bottom-up carbon accounting and models, and we define the different component fluxes of the net land atmosphere carbon exchange that should be reported by each research group in charge of each region. Special attention is given to lateral fluxes, inland water fluxes and land use fluxes.

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“…We would expect that tropical VPD anomalies directly impact the tropical terrestrial carbon balance that would in turn modulate CGR. To evaluate this hypothesis, we exploit the recentlyreleased Net Biosphere Exchange (NBE) dataset from the NASA Carbon Monitoring System Flux (CMS-Flux; Liu et al (2020)). CMS-Flux is a carbon cycle data assimilation system that incorporates global satellite-driven measurements across the carbon cycle to attribute CO 2 variability to spatially-resolved processes (Liu et al, 2014a(Liu et al, , 2017Bowman et al, 2017).…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Global Cgr and Tropical Nbe To Tropical Atmosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atmospheric CO 2 growth rate (CGR) is taken from the Global Carbon Project (GCP, Friedlingstein et al (2019)). The Net Biosphere Exchange (NBE) dataset is derived from the NASA Carbon Monitoring System Flux project (CMS-Flux; Liu et al (2020)). Soil-moisture dataset is SMOS-MIRAS L3 monthly data at 25 km grid resolution provided by CATDS (Al Bitar et al, 2017).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent constraints on climate—carbon cycle feedbacks from tropical atmospheric aridity

Barkhordarian¹,

Bowman

Cressie

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The vulnerability of the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle to changes in climate, especially temperature and moisture, remains one of the largest sources of uncertainty in future climate projections. Harnessing new satellite-driven global carbon reanalysis, we show here that tropical atmospheric aridity, which is directly related to the atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD), is a causal driver of the interannual variability of the tropical net carbon balance and consequently the CO2 growth rate with observed present-day sensitivities of -3.2 ± 0.62 GtC mb-1 yr-1. Our results provide evidence that a large part of tropical net biome exchange variability is indirectly driven by land-atmospheric coupling via VPD variations that cannot be explained by tropical temperatures alone. Furthermore, we find that there is an emergent relationship between the sensitivity of the tropical carbon balance to VPD and the long-term response of tropical-land carbon storage to increase in VPD across an ensemble of Earth System Models used in the Climate Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6). Employing a hierarchical emergent constraint, the global carbon—climate feedback from aridity is -22±11 GtC mb-1 which represents a substantial reduction in uncertainty relative to the CMIP6 ensemble. Our findings show that atmospheric aridity is an important proxy for the combined effects of both water and temperature on the terrestrial carbon balance and a key predictor of carbon—climate feedbacks.

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Carbon Monitoring System Flux Net Biosphere Exchange 2020 (CMS-Flux NBE 2020)

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Contrasting Regional Carbon Cycle Responses to Seasonal Climate Anomalies Across the East‐West Divide of Temperate North America

Contrasting Regional Carbon Cycle Responses to Seasonal Climate Anomalies Across the East‐West Divide of Temperate North America

Definitions and methods to estimate regional land carbon fluxes for the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project (RECCAP-2)

Emergent constraints on climate—carbon cycle feedbacks from tropical atmospheric aridity

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