Carbon Materials as a Conductive Skeleton for Supercapacitor Electrode Applications: A Review

Abstract

Supercapacitors have become a popular form of energy-storage device in the current energy and environmental landscape, and their performance is heavily reliant on the electrode materials used. Carbon-based electrodes are highly desirable due to their low cost and their abundance in various forms, as well as their ability to easily alter conductivity and surface area. Many studies have been conducted to enhance the performance of carbon-based supercapacitors by utilizing various carbon compounds, including pure carbon nanotubes and multistage carbon nanostructures as electrodes. These studies have examined the characteristics and potential applications of numerous pure carbon nanostructures and scrutinized the use of a wide variety of carbon nanomaterials, such as AC, CNTs, GR, CNCs, and others, to improve capacitance. Ultimately, this study provides a roadmap for producing high-quality supercapacitors using carbon-based electrodes.

In Situ Growth 3D GDY-NCNTs Nanocomposites for High-Performance Supercapacitors

“…Among all supercapacitor electrode materials, carbon materials are the most widely used in recent years 3−7 due to their high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, stable chemical properties, and environmental friendliness. 8 However, the primary drawback associated with an all-carbon material is its low specific capacitance because of the limited number of active sites, the lower utilization of specific surface area, low charge storage capacity, etc. So far, the specific capacitance performances of supercapacitors with all-carbon electrodes material is 85 F g −1 (carbon nanotube), 9 21 μF cm −2 (graphene), 10 and 71 F g −1 (graphdiyne), 11 respectively.…”

“…Supercapacitors are widely used due to their high power density, fast charging and discharging speed, long cycle life, and environmental protection, and their energy storage ability even surpasses that of fuel cells and lithium batteries . Electrode material is one of the most critical factors in improving the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors.…”

“…Electrode material is one of the most critical factors in improving the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. Among all supercapacitor electrode materials, carbon materials are the most widely used in recent years − due to their high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, stable chemical properties, and environmental friendliness . However, the primary drawback associated with an all-carbon material is its low specific capacitance because of the limited number of active sites, the lower utilization of specific surface area, low charge storage capacity, etc.…”

A thermodynamically favorable route to the synthesis of nanoporous graphene templated on CaO via chemical vapor deposition

“…Nanoporous graphene-based materials exhibit unique characteristics from the exceptional properties of graphene sheets, along with efficient charge and mass transport within their nanoporous structure. 1,2 Thus, they have emerged as highly promising materials for various applications in electrochemical devices. 1,3,4 The performance of these materials is strongly influenced by factors such as crystallinity and porosity.…”

“…1,2 Thus, they have emerged as highly promising materials for various applications in electrochemical devices. 1,3,4 The performance of these materials is strongly influenced by factors such as crystallinity and porosity. One compelling synthesis technique is template-directed chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which offers precise control over the structure of the resulting templated carbons (TCs) by forming thin carbon layers onto template surfaces.…”