Carbon material-TiO2 for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 and degradation of VOCs: A critical review

Perspectives of Engineered Biochar for Environmental Applications: A Review

“…The purpose of biochar modification (e.g., via activation) is to enhance the properties of biochar for targeted applications. 215 The main goal of biochar activation is to improve the specific surface area and porosity. In addition, the activation can modify surface functional groups.…”

“…215 High-temperature heat treatment and hydrogenation reduction cause removing oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of biochar, which results in the reduction of the polarity of biochar and enhancement of hydrophobicity. 215 Different types of biochars for the adsorption of oil have been tested. Biochar modified with lauric acid exhibited a high adsorption capacity toward oil (9.4 g/g).…”

“…Mesopores and macropores provide channels for diffusion and transport of adsorbates and serve as adsorption sites for larger molecules. 215 Ding and Liu produced biochar from seaweed and activated it by KOH to absorb CO 2 from flue gas. The KOH activation improved the textural properties and functional groups of seaweed biochar, which consequently improved CO 2 adsorption.…”

Efficient degradation of VOCs using semi-coke activated carbon loaded ternary Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst BiVO4–BiPO4–g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation

“…15 The combined adsorption and photocatalysis technology is not only environmentally friendly, but also has great application prospects in the efficient and stable degradation of VOCs. 16,17 Loading the photocatalyst on the adsorption material made of solid waste can not only solve the problem of solid waste disposal and reduce the cost, but also be beneficial to the recovery of the photocatalyst adsorbent composite. 18 In addition, carbon adsorption materials with large specific surface area can accelerate the electron transport of photocatalysts, reduce the complexation ratio of electrons and holes, and improve the performance of photocatalysts, which is beneficial to the efficient and stable degradation of VOCs.…”

“…Carbon materials are widely used as substrates for adsorption-photocatalytic degradation due to their high specific surface area and high electron transport ability. 17 Carbon nanotubes, 39 activated carbon, 40 activated carbon fibers, 41 and graphene 35 have all been used as ideal substrate materials for supporting photocatalysts, which have broad application prospects in VOC removal. Semi-coke (SC) is produced during the low-temperature retorting process of coal, and has the characteristics of a large specific surface area, many kinds of functional groups, and developed pore structure.…”