Carbon Material Based Electrochemical Immunosensor for Gastric Cancer Markers Detection

Abstract

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and early diagnosis will be of great significance to improve the survival quality and overall treatment outcome evaluation of patients. Nanoelectrochemical immunosensor is an emerging biosensor combining nanotechnology, electrochemical analysis method and immunological technology, which has simple operation, fast analysis speed, high sensitivity, and good selectivity. This mini-review summarized immunoassay techniques, nanotechnology and electrochemical sensing for the early detection of gastric cancer. In particular, we focus on the tension of carbon nanomaterials in this field, including the functionalized preparation of materials, signal enhancement and the construction of novel sensing interfaces. Currently, various tumor markers are being developed, but the more recognized gastric cancer tumor markers are carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA), CD44V9, miRNAs, and programmed death ligand 1. Among them, the electrochemical immunosensor allows the detection of CEA, CA, and miRNAs. The mini-review focused on the development of using carbon based materials, especially carbon nanotubes and graphene for immunosensor fabrication and gastric cancer markers detection.

Highly Sensitive Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen via an Electrochemical Platform Fabricated by AuNPs/Streptavidin/Reduced Graphene Oxide

“…When a site or tissue becomes cancerous, corresponding tumor markers will be generated, and these tumor markers will generally enter the blood and body fluids. Therefore, the detection of tumor markers in blood samples is one of the simple and effective methods for early diagnosis of cancer such as breast cancer ( Filik and Avan, 2019 ; Vajhadin et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). Tumor markers are molecules that are characterized in malignant tumor cells with main components including proteins and sugars, which are released by their own synthesis or generated by the body’s reaction.…”

Recent Advances in the Application of Electrochemical Biosensors in Tumor Therapy

“…Tumor cells refer to malignant cells that have fallen off from primary lesions and entered into blood circulation, such as circulating tumor cells (CTC), circulating tumor micro clusters (CTM) etc. Electrochemical immunosensors can detect tumor cells in blood to reflect tumor metastasis ability and treatment response [12].…”

Point-of-Care Based Electrochemical Immunoassay for Epstein-Barr Virus Detection

“…Functional nanomaterials have excellent electrical conductivity and catalytic property. Therefore, using functional nanomaterials to construct electrochemical sensing interfaces can improve the sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of novel electrochemical biosensors [ 12 – 14 ]. The combination of nanomaterials and biometrics can amplify signal transduction and biometrics, thus achieving highly sensitive biosensing.…”