Carbon loss by sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii under the influence of soil pH, temperature and matric potential and its effect on sclerotial germination and virulence

Hyakumachi, Mitsuro; Mondal, S. N.; Elsharkawy, Mohsen Mohamed; Hassan, Naglaa

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.01.006

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Punja et al (1984) demonstrated that the addition of metabolizable carbon sources to substrates low in nutrients inhibits eruptive germination, possibly through catabolite repression. Moreover, Hyakumachi et al (2014) reported that sclerotia become dependent on exogenous nutrients for germination when endogenous carbon loss reached 20% of available 14 C label. They become nearly completely dependent on exogenous supply of nutrients for germination, when carbon loss accounted for 40% of labeled carbon and death of sclerotia occurred when this reached about 50%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Mycelial Growth and Sclerotial Development

Ayed¹,

Jabnoun‐Khiareddine

Abdallah

et al. 2020

Int. J. Phytopathol.

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In vitro studies were conducted on Potato Dextrose Agar using different carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sources to evaluate their effects on the mycelial growth, and the sclerotial development of three Tunisian Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. isolates. Radial growth was optimum on basal medium supplemented with ammonium chloride (0.48 gram of nitrogen per liter (g of N.L-1)) as N source but was restricted on L-Arginine and completely inhibited on ammonium acetate amended media (0.48 g N.L-1). Sclerotial initiation occurred from the 3rd to the 12th day of incubation for all tested isolates. Potassium nitrate was the most suitable N source for sclerotial formation whereas sclerotial development was completely inhibited on ammonium acetate amended medium. Optimal sclerotial germination was recorded using L-Arginine (78-80%) followed by L-Asparagine (46-94%) and ammonium chloride (46-88%) as N sources. Nevertheless, the lowest sclerotial germination rate was noted on sodium nitrate and ammonium acetate amended media. As for C sources (16 gram of carbon per liter (g of C.L-1)), optimal radial growth occurred using D-mannitol for Sr1 and Sr2 isolates and maltose for Sr3, but no mycelial growth was recorded using sodium citrate for all isolates. All C sources tested, except sodium citrate, were suitable for sclerotial formation, production, and germination. Mature sclerotia became brownish after 6 to 12 days of incubation and sclerotial production was highest using D-mannitol, maltose, and D-glucose, depending on isolates used, as C sources. Optimal germination of sclerotia was noted using D-glucose, D-mannitol and maltose for Sr1 isolate, maltose for Sr2 and D-glucose and maltose for Sr3. It was concluded that N and C sources are both important factors for the growth of S. rolfsii and its survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Mycelial Growth and Sclerotial Development

Ayed¹,

Jabnoun‐Khiareddine

Abdallah

et al. 2020

Int. J. Phytopathol.

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“…Onion white rot is a severe disease not only causing losses in the yield of bulbs, but also in soil infestation with the pathogen, which makes it unsuitable for onion production for more than 15 years. Sclerotia of the pathogen stay in inactive conditions with fungistasis in the soil (Hyakumachi et al 2014). Aqueous extracts and exudates of onions enhance the germination of sclerotia (Reddy 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal activity and resistance induction against Sclerotium cepivorum by plant growth-promoting fungi in onion plants

Elsharkawy

El-Khateeb

2019

Egypt J Biol Pest Control

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The influence of the inoculation with plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) isolates on growth enhancement of onion plants and progress of white rot disease in onions, caused by Sclerotium cepivorum, was evaluated. The tested PGPF isolates were Phoma sp. GS8-1, Phoma sp. GS 8-3, Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1, Fusarium equiseti GF18-3 and Penicillium simplicissmum GP17-2. Abnormal shape and lysis in the mycelia of the pathogen were reported in dual cultures of PGPF and S. cepivorum using scanning electron microscopy. The germination of sclerotia was reduced after soaking in culture filtrates of PGPF. The highest reduction was recorded in P. simplicissmum GP17-2 treatment (70.85%). The results demonstrated that the treatments with PGPF isolates significantly enhanced the plant height, root length, bulb perimeter and plant dry weight. Additionally, PGPF clearly reduced disease severity of white rot disease of onions. Among PGPF isolates, T. asperellum SKT-1 and P. simplicissmum GP17-2 showed the best effects in reducing the incidence and severity of white rot and enhancing onion growth. On the other hand, the levels of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were improved in the treated onion plants than in the untreated plants at 7 days after induction treatments. Similarly, early and strong expressions of defence genes, PR1 and PR2, were reported in plants treated with PGPF. Overall, this research suggested that PGPF treatments generated favourable effects on the suppression of white rot disease of onions.

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“…Therefore, practical methods are needed to markedly reduce S. rolfsii sclerotial Journal of Applied Biosciences 93:8696 -8712 ISSN 1997-5902 viability and thus promote increases in crop yield. Some methods have been studied: for instance, flooding of sclerotium-infested fields for one month decreased not only disease incidence but also sclerotial germinability (Nakagawa et al, 1994;Tanaka et al, 1994;Sariah & Tanaka, 1995), and a reduction in sclerotial survival under flooded conditions was hypothesized to be associated with invasion and colonization by bacteria-like organisms (Tanaka et al, 1994;Hyakumachi et al, 2014). So far, the structure and succession of bacterial communities concomitant with Sclerotium rolfsii sclerotia from environment with or without flooding are not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial populations concomitant with <i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i> sclerotia in flooded soil, as estimated by 16S rRNA gene, PCR-DGGE and sequence analyses

Adandonon¹,

Momma²,

Hoshino³

et al. 2015

J. App. Bioscience.

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Objective: The bacterial communities concomitant with sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of soybean stem rot, were examined by using PCR-DGGE. Methodology and results: Fungal sclerotia were buried in soil amended with organic matter and incubated under flooded conditions for 15 or 30 days in a greenhouse and in the field. The recovered sclerotia were examined for their viability and their concomitant bacterial communities. The DGGE band patterns showed the largest bacterial diversity in samples from soil amended with rice straw or wheat bran and flooded for 30 days. In the greenhouse for instance, the diversity index from organic amendment under 30 day flooding was higher than 1.80, while for other treatments the index was less than 1.5. This trend was similar in the field experiment. There was a negative relationship between the diversity index from DGGE band patterns and sclerotial viability or disease incidence. Examination of the nucleotide sequences of the DGGE bands revealed that members of Clostridiaceae were dominant in the samples flooded for 30 days, whereas Oxalobacteraceae, Nocardiaceae, and Actinomycetaceae were major groups under unflooded conditions. Conclusion: This is the first report of the soil bacterial flora concomitant with sclerotia of S. rolfsii under flooded conditions.

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Carbon loss by sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii under the influence of soil pH, temperature and matric potential and its effect on sclerotial germination and virulence

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of Different Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Mycelial Growth and Sclerotial Development

Effect of Different Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Mycelial Growth and Sclerotial Development

Antifungal activity and resistance induction against Sclerotium cepivorum by plant growth-promoting fungi in onion plants

Bacterial populations concomitant with <i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i> sclerotia in flooded soil, as estimated by 16S rRNA gene, PCR-DGGE and sequence analyses

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