2013
DOI: 10.1021/ja405844j
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Carbon K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Examination of Metal–Carbon Bonding in Metallocene Dichlorides

Abstract: Metal-carbon covalence in (C5H5)2MCl2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) has been evaluated using carbon K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) as well as ground-state and time-dependent hybrid density functional theory (DFT and TDDFT). Differences in orbital mixing were determined experimentally using transmission XAS of thin crystalline material with a scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM). Moving down the periodic table (Ti to Hf) has a marked effect on the experimental transition intensities associated with the … Show more

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Cited by 48 publications
(63 citation statements)
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References 90 publications
(136 reference statements)
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“…To evaluate the possible changes in Pd–P covalency in solution and the solid‐state, we performed dispersion‐corrected DFT and TDDFT calculations on 1 – 3 with a polarizable continuum model to simulate the CH 2 Cl 2 solution. The B3LYP functional was again selected because it has been shown to be remarkably accurate in the simulation of experimental XAS spectra via time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) , , , , , , . For consistency, TDDFT calculations for 1 – 3 from our previous study were recalculated with dispersion corrections for comparison to the dispersion‐corrected solution calculations presented here.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To evaluate the possible changes in Pd–P covalency in solution and the solid‐state, we performed dispersion‐corrected DFT and TDDFT calculations on 1 – 3 with a polarizable continuum model to simulate the CH 2 Cl 2 solution. The B3LYP functional was again selected because it has been shown to be remarkably accurate in the simulation of experimental XAS spectra via time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) , , , , , , . For consistency, TDDFT calculations for 1 – 3 from our previous study were recalculated with dispersion corrections for comparison to the dispersion‐corrected solution calculations presented here.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[39,40] In particular, we have learned that transition intensities in the f-f bands of many uranium complexes are dramatically enhanced from covalent bonding interactions and from coupling of the other low-lying electronic excitations (e.g., MLCT excited states) to the f-f transitions to engender dipole-allowed character. [41][42][43] For example, the molar extinction coefficients for f-f bands in uranium(IV) organometallic complexes have been found to range from <<10 M -1 cm -1 in non-covalent metal-ligand systems like (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 UCl 2 to ~500 M -1 cm -1 in covalent metal-ligand systems like ketimide complexes such as (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 U(-N=CPh 2 ) 2 . [34,[44][45][46][47] The electronic spectral behavior of the metallacyclocumulene systems (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 An( 4 -1,2,3,4-PhC 4 Ph) (An = Th, U) reported here diverges from that observed for most other Th and U organoactinide systems we have investigated in two ways.…”
Section: Optical Characterization Of the Metallacyclocumulene Complexmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is especially true if future studies validate the generality of the conclusions described here on how M–E electronic structure and orbital mixing vary as the metal identity changes. Hence, our efforts will continue to focus on evaluating M–O vs. M–S bonding in both the solution- and solid-state for even heavier metals, namely lanthanide and actinide elements, 41,58,59,83,85,87 where f- and d-orbital contributions to covalency are anticipated.…”
Section: Outlook and Conclusionmentioning
confidence: 99%