Carbon isotope fractionation during gas-water exchange and dissolution of CO2

Zhang, J.; Quay, Paul D.; Wilbur, David

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(95)91550-d

Cited by 761 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Sparse d 13 C records from Law Dome ice core show 0.1 $ 0.15‰ increase from 1100 to 1760 A.D. , which is inconsistent with the estimated decrease of 0.06 $ 0.11 ‰ by SST cooling of 0.5 $ 1.0 C [Zhang et al, 1995]. By contrast, the increase in d 13 C support the idea that CO 2 has decreased by reduced soil respiration, which is a source of d 13 C-depleted CO 2 to the atmosphere [MacFarling Meure et al, 2006;Trudinger et al, 1999Trudinger et al, , 2002b.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Preindustrial Co 2 Variationscontrasting

confidence: 38%

Atmospheric CO₂ over the last 1000 years: A high‐resolution record from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core

Ahn¹,

Brook²,

Mitchell³

et al. 2012

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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[1] We report a decadally resolved record of atmospheric CO 2 concentration for the last 1000 years, obtained from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide shallow ice core. The most prominent feature of the pre-industrial period is a rapid $7 ppm decrease of CO 2 in a span of $20-50 years at $1600 A.D. This observation confirms the timing of an abrupt atmospheric CO 2 decrease of $10 ppm observed for that time period in the Law Dome ice core CO 2 records, but the true magnitude of the decrease remains unclear. Atmospheric CO 2 variations over the time period 1000-1800 A.D. are statistically correlated with northern hemispheric climate and tropical Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature. However, the exact relationship between CO 2 and climate remains elusive due to regional climate variations and/or uneven geographical data density of paleoclimate records. We observe small differences of 0 $ 2% (0 $ 6 ppm) among the high-precision CO 2 records from the Law Dome, EPICA Dronning Maud Land and WAIS Divide Antarctic ice cores. However, those records share common trends of CO 2 change on centennial to multicentennial time scales, and clearly show that atmospheric CO 2 has been increasing above preindustrial levels since $1850 A.D.

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Section: Mechanisms For Preindustrial Co 2 Variationscontrasting

confidence: 38%

Atmospheric CO₂ over the last 1000 years: A high‐resolution record from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core

Ahn¹,

Brook²,

Mitchell³

et al. 2012

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…where f carbonate and f biogenic-DIC are the proportion of carbonate and biogenic DIC in total DIC; δ 13 C carbonate is the δ 13 C value of soil carbonate, equivalent to 0 ‰ (Edwards and Saltzman, 2016); and δ 13 C biogenic-DIC is the δ 13 C value of biogenic carbonate and bicarbonate derived from the dissolution of CO 2 produced by SOC degradation, which is estimated to shift by approximately 8 ‰ compared with the δ 13 C value of soil-respired CO 2 (−24 ‰ here) due to isotope fractionation during CO 2 dissolution (Zhang et al, 1995). Hence, δ 13 C biogenic-DIC is estimated to be −16 ‰.…”

Section: Data Analysis and Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing soil carbon loss through respiration and leaching under extreme precipitation events in arid and semiarid grasslands

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Respiration and leaching are two main processes responsible for soil carbon loss. While the former has received considerable research attention, studies examining leaching processes are limited, especially in semiarid grasslands due to low precipitation. Climate change may increase the extreme precipitation event (EPE) frequency in arid and semiarid regions, potentially enhancing soil carbon loss through leaching and respiration. Here we incubated soil columns of three typical grassland soils from Inner Mongolia and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and examined the effect of simulated EPEs on soil carbon loss through respiration and leaching. EPEs induced a transient increase in CO 2 release through soil respiration, equivalent to 32 and 72 % of the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in the temperate grasslands (Xilinhot and Keqi) and 7 % of NEP in the alpine grasslands (Gangcha). By comparison, leaching loss of soil carbon accounted for 290, 120, and 15 % of NEP at the corresponding sites, respectively, with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, biogenic DIC + lithogenic DIC) as the main form of carbon loss in the alkaline soils. Moreover, DIC loss increased with recurring EPEs in the soil with the highest pH due to an elevated contribution of dissolved CO 2 from organic carbon degradation (indicated by DIC-δ 13 C). These results highlight the fact that leaching loss of soil carbon (particularly in the form of DIC) is important in the regional carbon budget of arid and semiarid grasslands and also imply that SOC mineralization in alkaline soils might be underestimated if only measured as CO 2 emission from soils into the atmosphere. With a projected increase in EPEs under climate change, soil carbon leaching processes and the influencing factors warrant a better understanding and should be incorporated into soil carbon models when estimating carbon balance in grassland ecosystems.

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“…While the contributing mechanisms are unclear, it is believed that limitation of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) drives the δ 13 C values more positive in phytoplankton. This may be due to uptake of bicarbonate (HCO − 3 ) which has a higher δ 13 C value, on the order of 10‰ (Fogel et al, 1992;Zhang et al, 1995;Oczkowski et al, 2014). Or processes associated with cell transport of CO 2 and/or HCO − 3 could increase δ 13 C values (Fogel et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Stable Isotope Values in Plankton and Mussels Reflect Changes in Carbonate Chemistry Associated with Nutrient Enhanced Net Production

et al. 2018

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Coastal ecosystems are inherently complex and potentially adaptive as they respond to changes in nutrient loads and climate. We documented the role that carbon stable isotope (δ 13 C) measurements could play in understanding that adaptation with a series of three Ecostat (i.e., continuous culture) experiments. We quantified linkages among δ 13 C, nutrients, carbonate chemistry, primary, and secondary production in temperate estuarine waters. Experimental culture vessels (9.1 L) containing 33% whole and 67% filtered (0.2 µm) seawater were amended with dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in low (3 vessels; 5 µM N, 0.3 µM P), moderate (3 vessels; 25 µM N, 1.6 µM P), and high amounts (3 vessels; 50 µM N, 3.1 µM P). The parameters necessary to calculate carbonate chemistry, chlorophyll-a concentrations, and particulate δ 13 C values were measured throughout the 14 day experiments. Outflow lines from the experimental vessels fed 250 ml containers seeded with juvenile blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Mussel subsamples were harvested on days 0, 7, and 14 and their tissues were analyzed for δ 13 C values. We consistently observed that particulate δ 13 C values were positively correlated with chlorophyll-a, carbonate chemistry, and to changes in the ratio of bicarbonate to dissolved carbon dioxide (HCO − 3 :CO 2 ). While the relative proportion of HCO − 3 to CO 2 increased over the 14 days, concentrations of each declined, reflecting the drawdown of carbon associated with enhanced production. Plankton δ 13 C values, like chlorophyll-a concentrations, increased over the course of each experiment, with the greatest increases in the moderate and high treatments. Trends in δ 13 C over time were also observed in the mussel tissues. Despite ecological variability and different plankton abundances the experiments consistently demonstrated how δ 13 C values in primary producers and consumers reflected nutrient availability, via its impact on carbonate chemistry. We applied a series of mixed-effects models to observational data from Narragansett Bay and the model that included in situ δ 13 C and percent organic matter was the best predictor of . In temperate, plankton-dominated estuaries, δ 13 C values in plankton and filter feeders reflect net productivity and are a valuable tool to understand the production conditions under which the base of the food chain was formed.

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Carbon isotope fractionation during gas-water exchange and dissolution of CO2

Cited by 761 publications

References 23 publications

Atmospheric CO₂ over the last 1000 years: A high‐resolution record from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core

Atmospheric CO₂ over the last 1000 years: A high‐resolution record from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core

Comparing soil carbon loss through respiration and leaching under extreme precipitation events in arid and semiarid grasslands

Carbon Stable Isotope Values in Plankton and Mussels Reflect Changes in Carbonate Chemistry Associated with Nutrient Enhanced Net Production

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Carbon isotope fractionation during gas-water exchange and dissolution of CO2

Cited by 761 publications

References 23 publications

Atmospheric CO2 over the last 1000 years: A high‐resolution record from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core

Atmospheric CO2 over the last 1000 years: A high‐resolution record from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core

Comparing soil carbon loss through respiration and leaching under extreme precipitation events in arid and semiarid grasslands

Carbon Stable Isotope Values in Plankton and Mussels Reflect Changes in Carbonate Chemistry Associated with Nutrient Enhanced Net Production

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Product

Resources

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Atmospheric CO₂ over the last 1000 years: A high‐resolution record from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core

Atmospheric CO₂ over the last 1000 years: A high‐resolution record from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core