Carbon formation in very rich hydrocarbon-air flames—I. Studies of chemical content, temperature, ionization and particulate matter

Singer, Josef; Grumer, J.

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(58)80092-2

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Perhaps the earliest observation of intriguing tubelike structures in flames was reported by Singer [11] in the 1950s and within the last decade there have been occasional reports of nanotube structures [12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Height

Howard

Tester

et al. 2004

Carbon

175

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Height

Howard

Tester

et al. 2004

Carbon

175

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“…The formed filaments were hollow with metal granules at the tips. The reported deposit structures closely resembled structures of carbon filaments formed by methane and carbon monoxide decomposition over transition metal catalysts [41]. In the same year when carbon nanotubes were discovered by Iijima [31], Saito et al [42] reported the formation of elongated carbonaceous structures on the surface of a probe introduced in a sooting hydrocarbon flame.…”

Section: Flame As a Synthesis Mediummentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The potential of the flames for synthesis of elongated carbon nanoforms was demonstrated [41] long before carbon nanotubes were discovered by Iijima [31] in the process of vaporization of graphite. The formation of elongated filamentous carbon on the surface of a solid support inserted in a diffusion flame was reported in very early flame studies [28].…”

Section: Flame As a Synthesis Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Flame Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

Chen¹

2017

AJMSP

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Significant progress has been made not only in improving the yields of carbon nanotubes, but also in gaining a profound fundamental understanding of the growth processes. Flames are emerging as a powerful tool for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers. The flame volume provides a carbon-rich chemically reactive environment capable of generating nanostructures during short residence times in a continuous single-step process. The present work provides a concise review of the advances made over the past two decades in the areas of flame synthesis of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers. An overview of existing flame methods to synthesize carbon nanotubes is first provided. Various catalytic materials, fuel types, and flame configurations have been employed in an attempt to achieve controlled synthesis of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers. Diffusion and premixed flames in counter-flow and co-flow geometries are also discussed. Various hydrocarbon fuels, oxygen enrichment, and dilution with inert gases are then examined in detail. The ability to synthesize and control carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers is essential for the fabrication of nanomechanical and electrical devices. A fundamental understanding of the growth mechanism and development of control methods is critically important to address these issues. The purpose of the present review is to clarify the growth mechanisms and achieve controlled flame synthesis of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers.

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“…In addition, dilution with inert gas affects the morphology of CNTs by controlling naceous tube-like structures produced through flame synthesis were observed by Singer in 1950 [29]. The essential components for the catalytic CNT synthesis are basically gaseous carbon and a heat source as well as catalysts.…”

Section: Diffusion Flame Synthesismentioning

confidence: 96%

Carbon nanotubes synthesis using diffusion and premixed flame methods: a review

Mittal¹,

Dhand²,

Rhee³

et al. 2015

Carbon letters

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In recent years, flame synthesis has absorbed a great deal of attention as a combustion method for the production of metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and other related carbon nanostructures, over the existing conventional methods. Flame synthesis is an energyefficient, scalable, cost-effective, rapid and continuous process, where flame provides the necessary chemical species for the nucleation of carbon structures (feed stock or precursor) and the energy for the production of carbon nanostructures. The production yield can be optimized by altering various parameters such as fuel profile, equivalence ratio, catalyst chemistry and structure, burner configuration and residence time. In the present report, diffusion and premixed flame synthesis methods are reviewed to develop a better understanding of factors affecting the morphology, positioning, purity, uniformity and scalability for the development of carbon nanotubes along with their correlated carbonaceous derivative nanostructures.

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Carbon formation in very rich hydrocarbon-air flames—I. Studies of chemical content, temperature, ionization and particulate matter

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Flame synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Flame synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Recent Advances in the Flame Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes synthesis using diffusion and premixed flame methods: a review

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