Carbon fluxes from plants through soil organisms determined by field 13CO2 pulse-labelling in an upland grassland

Leake, Jonathan R.; Ostle, Nicholas J.; Rangel‐Castro, J. Ignacio; Johnson, David

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.03.001

Cited by 173 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…We expressed enrichment of 13 C in plants as 13 C atom % excess with atom % excess = atom % enriched sample − atom % background sample (i.e. before labelling), in which atom % = [R sample /(R sample + 1)] × 100 and R sample = 13 C/ 12 C ratio measured by IRMS (Leake et al, 2006). Phosopholipid fatty acid (PLFA) markers in soils from samplings 2, 24, 48 h in 1 week were extracted from freeze-dried ground soil using the protocol described in Bardgett et al (1996) and were quantified using quantitative gas chromatography (GC Combustion III, Thermo Finnigan) and corrected for the C added during derivatisation.…”

Section: Co 2 Pulse Labelling and 13 C Enrichment In Vegetation Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid transfer of photosynthetic carbon through the plant-soil system in differently managed species-rich grasslands

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Plant-soil interactions are central to short-term carbon (C) cycling through the rapid transfer of recently assimilated C from plant roots to soil biota. In grassland ecosystems, changes in C cycling are likely to be influenced by land use and management that changes vegetation and the associated soil microbial communities. Here we tested whether changes in grassland vegetation composition resulting from management for plant diversity influences shortterm rates of C assimilation and transfer from plants to soil microbes. To do this, we used an in situ 13 C-CO 2 pulselabelling approach to measure differential C uptake among different plant species and the transfer of the plant-derived 13 C to key groups of soil microbiota across selected treatments of a long-term plant diversity grassland restoration experiment. Results showed that plant taxa differed markedly in the rate of 13 C assimilation and concentration: uptake was greatest and 13 C concentration declined fastest in Ranunculus repens, and assimilation was least and 13 C signature remained longest in mosses. Incorporation of recent plantderived 13 C was maximal in all microbial phosopholipid fatty acid (PLFA) markers at 24 h after labelling. The greatest incorporation of 13 C was in the PLFA 16:1ω5, a marker for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), while after 1 week most 13 C was retained in the PLFA18:2ω6,9 which is indicative of assimilation of plant-derived 13 C by saprophytic fungi. Our results of 13 C assimilation and transfer within plant species and soil microbes were consistent across management treatments. Overall, our findings suggest that plant diversity restoration management may not directly affect the C assimilation or retention of C by individual plant taxa or groups of soil microbes, it can impact on the fate of recent C byCorrespondence to: G. B. De Deyn (gerlindede@gmail.com) changing their relative abundances in the plant-soil system. Moreover, across all treatments we found that plant-derived C is rapidly transferred specifically to AMF and decomposer fungi, indicating their consistent key role in the cycling of recent plant derived C.

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Section: Co 2 Pulse Labelling and 13 C Enrichment In Vegetation Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid transfer of photosynthetic carbon through the plant-soil system in differently managed species-rich grasslands

et al. 2011

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“…[16,18] Carbon isotope analysis of the soil surface efflux has also been used in conjunction with compoundspecific isotope analysis for probing microbial community function. [19][20][21] It is well established that nutrient supply, moisture and temperature are key drivers of R S;…”

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confidence: 99%

Challenges in measuring the δ¹³C of the soil surface CO₂ efflux

Midwood

Millard

2010

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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The d 13C of the soil surface efflux of carbon dioxide (d 13 CR S ) has emerged as a powerful tool enabling investigation of a wide range of soil processes from characterising entire ecosystem respiration to detailed compound-specific isotope studies. d 13 CR S can be used to trace assimilated carbon transfer below ground and to partition the overall surface efflux into heterotrophic and autotrophic components. Despite this wide range of applications no consensus currently exists on the most appropriate method of sampling this surface efflux of CO 2 in order to measure d 13 CR S . Here we consider and compare the methods which have been used, and examine the pitfalls. We also consider a number of analysis options, isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), tuneable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) and cavity ring-down laser spectroscopy (CRDS Increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and predicted climate change have intensified research efforts to better understand the global carbon (C) cycle. Within terrestrial ecosystems, soils hold substantial amounts of C and through the exchange of CO 2 with the atmosphere have the ability to act as either a C source or a sink.[1] It is this balance and how it may be influenced by future climate change and/or land use change which has been the focus of considerable debate for some time.[2-5] The net exchange of CO 2 across a landscape can be measured using a specialist technique called eddy covariance.[6] However, eddy covariance measurements do not provide any detailed information on the underlying mechanisms which drive the terrestrial C cycle, namely photosynthesis and respiration. [7] For several decades now the stable carbon isotope 13 C has been used extensively to provide a better understanding of these two processes at a range of scales. At the ecosystem scale so-called isofluxes [8] can be measured by combining micrometeorological measurements with the 13 C analysis of CO 2 within and above the plant canopy. This type of measurement allows total ecosystem respiration to be measured -a combination of both plant (stem/leaf) respiration and the respiration from soil, or efflux rate. With the contribution of soil-derived CO 2 being important as this can provide information on the longterm overall net C balance of the system. Two basic processes contribute to the soil surface CO 2 efflux rate (R S ): autotrophic respiration from roots and the rhizosphere, and heterotrophic respiration from the turnover of soil organic matter (SOM).Against this background, measuring the rate at which CO 2 leaves the soil surface coupled with the measurement of its 13 C/ 12 C ratio (d 13 CR S ) has emerged as a key tool in ecophysiological research and global terrestrial C cycle studies. Isotopic analyses provide a means of distinguishing the C sources which contribute to this overall flux, allowing either the autotrophic or the heterotrophic components to be quantified. For example, d13 CR S measurements have been used to assess the speed at which assimilated C is transfe...

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“…The level of decrease in rice-planted soil was higher than that of unplanted soil, suggested that plant competition for nutrition resources depressed microbial growth during the rice growth. Several studies have shown that most of the recently photosynthesized C directly allocated to the soil by the plant roots is more rapidly lost through soil respiration than through microbial respiration (Leake et al, 2006). The unplanted soil has also an effect the dynamics of MBC during the incubation revealed some anaerobic microbes with photosynthesis function, So far, it is unclear what the characteristic and ecological functions of these soil microbes are acted as in paddy soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Flooded Rice Cultivation on Soil Organic Carbon and Active Organic Carbon Content: A Microcosm Experiment

Bingjie¹,

Zhu²,

Yuan³

et al. 2015

JAS

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Information on carbon (C) dynamics and allocation in plant-soil system is essential to understand the terrestrial C cycle. Our aims were to determine the effects of rice growth on soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content. For this a pot microcosm experiment in growth chamber was conducted with soils planted or unplanted with rice. The experiment lasted for 80 days. The SOC content increased both in unplanted and rice-planted soils over the incubation period. The increasing amount of SOC in rice-planted soil was larger than that of in unplanted soil, indicating that growing rice on bulk soil enhanced the function of soil as a carbon poo1. The DOC enhanced significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the zero time (Day 0 (CK)) both in planted soils and unplanted soils during 80 days of incubation. The DOC concentrations in planted soils were much larger than that of unplanted soils, suggesting the release of soluble root exudates from rice roots. However, MBC declined both in unplanted soil and rice-planted soil after incubation for 80 days, compared with the start of experiment. The results suggest that MBC dynamics in rice soil are largely controlled by organic substances released from rice roots.

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Carbon fluxes from plants through soil organisms determined by field 13CO2 pulse-labelling in an upland grassland

Cited by 173 publications

References 47 publications

Rapid transfer of photosynthetic carbon through the plant-soil system in differently managed species-rich grasslands

Rapid transfer of photosynthetic carbon through the plant-soil system in differently managed species-rich grasslands

Challenges in measuring the δ¹³C of the soil surface CO₂ efflux

Effects of Flooded Rice Cultivation on Soil Organic Carbon and Active Organic Carbon Content: A Microcosm Experiment

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Carbon fluxes from plants through soil organisms determined by field 13CO2 pulse-labelling in an upland grassland

Cited by 173 publications

References 47 publications

Rapid transfer of photosynthetic carbon through the plant-soil system in differently managed species-rich grasslands

Rapid transfer of photosynthetic carbon through the plant-soil system in differently managed species-rich grasslands

Challenges in measuring the δ13C of the soil surface CO2 efflux

Effects of Flooded Rice Cultivation on Soil Organic Carbon and Active Organic Carbon Content: A Microcosm Experiment

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Challenges in measuring the δ¹³C of the soil surface CO₂ efflux