Carbon filaments provide support and directionality to growing rat fetal spinal cord explants

Khan, Talat; Sayers, Scott; Gaik, Geraldine C.; Dauzvardis, Michael

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(90)90619-k

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…When combined with an appropriate adhesive coating, such as LN or FN, the filamentous structures may be similar to the natural filamentous substrates present during CNS development and are normally present in damaged nerve tracts. Although previous studies had demonstrated that both neurons and glial cell alignment and axonal regeneration were supported on filamentous substrates,7–12 the function of filamentous bridges remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In support of this notion, the effects of physical and chemical cues on neurite outgrowth were extensively investigated 10, 11, 18–23. The utility of longitudinally oriented scaffolds for enhancing axonal regeneration in vivo has been demonstrated using a variety of techniques such as magnetically aligned collagen gels,19 longitudinally extruded columns of Schwann cells,24, 25 and individual filaments 10, 11, 18. The current study builds upon these approaches by examining the contribution of filament diameter to neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell migration using a DRG explant model of regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It appears that the common feature of these successful regenerative approaches is the ability to guide cell migration, induce an appropriately aligned glial morphology, and provide a cellular level means to direct regenerating axons across the damaged area. To promote directional axonal regeneration following injury, filaments used, either alone or combined with entubulation sleeves, have been studied 7–11. A early study demonstrated that glial cells oriented in the direction parallel to the long axis of 26 μm‐diameter glass filaments 12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A early study demonstrated that glial cells oriented in the direction parallel to the long axis of 26 μm‐diameter glass filaments 12. Recently, by using a spinal cord contusion injury model, small diameter (5 μm) carbon filaments also have been shown to promote both neuronal and glial cell alignment and axonal regeneration 10, 11. Other researchers have examined neurite alignment on more flexible polymeric filaments, but have typically used filaments of much larger sizes (over 100 μm in diameter) 7–9.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of filament diameter and extracellular matrix molecule precoating on neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell behavior on multifilament entubulation bridging device in vitro

Wen

Tresco

2005

J Biomedical Materials Res

137

140

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At present there is no clinically effective treatment for injuries or pathological processes that disrupt the continuity of axons in the mature central nervous system. However, a number of studies suggest that a tremendous potential exists for developing biomaterial based therapies. In particular, biomaterials in the form of bridging substrates have been shown to support at least some level of axonal regeneration across the lesion site, but display a limited capacity for directing axons toward their targets. To improve the directionality and outgrowth rate of the axonal regeneration process, filaments and tubes appear promising, but the technology is far from optimized. As a step toward optimization, the influence of filament diameter and various extracellular matrix coatings on nerve regeneration was evaluated in this article using a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explant model. An increasing pattern of alignment and outgrowth of neurites in the direction parallel the long axis of the packed filament bundles with decreasing filament diameters ranging from supracellular and beyond (500 to 100 mum), cellular (30 mum), down to subcellular size (5 mum) was observed. Such effects became most prominent on filament bundles with individual filament diameters in the range of cellular size and below (5 and 30 mum) where highly directional and robust neuronal outgrowth was achieved. In addition, laminin-coated filaments that approached the size of spinal axons support significantly longer regenerative outgrowth than similarly treated filaments of larger diameter, and exceed outgrowth distance on similarly sized filaments treated with fibronectin. These data suggested the feasibility of using a multifilament entubulation bridging device for supporting directional axonal regeneration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of filament diameter and extracellular matrix molecule precoating on neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell behavior on multifilament entubulation bridging device in vitro

Wen

Tresco

2005

J Biomedical Materials Res

137

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The controls in our studies, suture thread and carbon¯bers, have shown little toxicity and moderate success in peripheral nerve Carbon Nanotube Ribbon and Thread Support Attachment and Di®erentiation of Neural Stem Cells 95 repair 29,30 and spinal cord repair. 31,32 The robust attachment and the di®erentiation of stem cells into neurons that is observed after several days on CNT thread and other¯bers, is a good indicator of the relative lack of toxicity of the CNT thread. Developing quanti¯able assays of cell attachment and growth are an ongoing focus of research in the laboratory, to allow both measurement of CNT toxicity and re¯nement of manufacturing characteristics of CNT thread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Ribbon and Thread Support Attachment and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells

et al. 2010

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have properties that promise an exciting role in nervous tissue repair. CNTs are strong, extremely light weight, biocompatible and electrically conductive. A relatively novel form of CNT material, multiple strands of CNTs spun into thread, accentuates the linear geometry of CNTs while retaining electrical conductivity. We propose that CNT thread, which is strong, pliable and readily manipulated, has the potential to support longitudinal growth of nerves after injury, in nervous system prostheses. Towards understanding how CNT materials support nervous tissue regeneration, we examined the in vitro interactions between CNT materials and neural stem cell-containing neurospheres, prepared from newborn mouse cortices. Intact neurospheres attached to pieces of as-grown arrays of CNTs, CNT \ribbon" material pulled from the arrays, and CNT thread. Stem cells di®erentiated into both neurons and glia under these conditions. Processes and cells aligned with the longitudinal axis of the CNT materials, both with and without coatings. For comparisons, dissociated neurosphere cells were plated on CNT thread, polypropylene surgical suture thread and commercial carbon¯bers. Initial cell attachment (within seconds) and attachment at 24 h was greater on CNT thread than on the other¯ber types. Stem cells on CNT threads di®erentiated into neurons and astrocytes over several days, on all¯bers. The presence of serum greatly aided the health and spreading of both neurons and astrocytes.

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Surfactant‐immobilized fibronectin enhances bioactivity and regulates sensory neurite outgrowth

Biran

Webb

Noble

et al. 2000

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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A PEO-containing surface coating was investigated as a means to control neurite outgrowth in the presence of serum. Various ratios of end-group-activated tri-block copolymer Pluronic F108 were used to immobilize the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (FN). Primary cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons were cultured on F108-immobilized FN or, as a control, on FN adsorbed from solution directly to polystyrene. Although FN surface concentration could be controlled in a dose-dependent manner by either technique, dose-dependent control of neuronal behaviors was best achieved on F108-immobilized FN. This effect was similar regardless of the presence of serum in the culture medium. F108-immobilized FN supported twofold greater maximal neurite outgrowth than did directly adsorbed FN. Furthermore, at similar surface concentrations, F108-FN was significantly more active in promoting neurite outgrowth. Polypropylene filament bundles treated with F108-immobilized FN supported robust outgrowth from explants of dorsal root ganglia, demonstrating the utility of the surface coating on clinically relevant materials with more complex shapes. The ability to control neuronal behaviors in a serum-resistant manner, coupled with enhanced biologic activity, demonstrates the potential for surfactant-based immobilization as a method for generating biointeractive materials for tissue engineering.

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Carbon filaments provide support and directionality to growing rat fetal spinal cord explants

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of filament diameter and extracellular matrix molecule precoating on neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell behavior on multifilament entubulation bridging device in vitro

Effect of filament diameter and extracellular matrix molecule precoating on neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell behavior on multifilament entubulation bridging device in vitro

Carbon Nanotube Ribbon and Thread Support Attachment and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells

Surfactant‐immobilized fibronectin enhances bioactivity and regulates sensory neurite outgrowth

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