Carbon fibre layers on arc electrodes—I

d-Fructose detection based on the direct heterogeneous electron transfer reaction of fructose dehydrogenase adsorbed onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized on platinum electrode

“…Therefore, shortening the electron transfer distance between the active center of the enzyme and the electrode is one of the most important key requirements. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) could communicate with redox centers buried deep within protein shells as molecular wires, because of their small diameters and conductivities (Wiles and Abrahamson, 1978;Iijima, 1991;Ajayan, 1999;Li et al, 2001;Tominaga et al, 2004). CNTs are described as a graphite sheet rolled up into a nanoscaletube (single-walled CNTs), and with additional graphene tubes around the core of single-walled CNT (multi-walled CNTs).…”

Kinetics and thermodynamics study for electrosorption of NaCl onto carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers electrodes

“…Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), since discovery in 1978 [1], have attracted a lot of attention and shown a promising potential for various applications in electronic devices [2,3], energy storage [4,5], bio-sensor [6,7] and water purification [8,9]. Especially in water treatment, CNTs are thought to be an ideal candidate as electrodes' material due to their low mass transfer resistivity and huge specific surface area which are of great importance to electrosorption process.…”

Nanostructured carbon electrodes

“…In diamond, each carbon atom uses sp 3 hybrid orbitals to form strong covalent bonds (350 kJ mol À1 ) to four other atoms. This gives rise to the incredible strength of diamond.…”

“…These can be single sheet cylinders giving single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), or multiple concentric cylinders of increasing diameter about a common axis separated by 0.34 nm (the same inter-plane distance observed in graphite) that are known as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). Singlewalled carbon nanotubes comprise a seamless cylinder of one atomic layer of carbon consisting of a mixture of sp 3 and sp 2 bonds with the sp 3 /sp 2 ratio varying from 15 to 40%. CNTs have overall diameters in the nanodomain and lengths in the micron to millimetre domain, providing an extremely high aspect ratio.…”