Carbon, energy and water fluxes at mature and disturbed forest sites, Saskatchewan, Canada

Amiro, B.D.; Barr, Alan G.; Ta, Black; Iwashita, Hirokazu; Kljun, Natascha; Jh, McCaughey; Morgenstern, K.; Murayama, Shohei; Nesic, Zoran; Al, Orchansky

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.11.012

Cited by 294 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, understanding the effect of disturbance on the carbon balance requires data gathered over several decades, from the time the disturbance occurs until the forests reach maturity (Janisch and Harmon, 2002;Grant et al, 2010;Goulden et al, 2011). The changes in carbon stock and carbon flux caused by disturbance have been investigated by using the chronosequence approach, in which flux measurements are made in similar forest stands that differ in age (Howard et al, 2004;Amiro et al, 2006Amiro et al, , 2010Zha et al, 2009;Goulden et al, 2011). Numerical simulation using ecosystem models also has been used to evaluate the longterm effects of disturbance and recovery on the carbon balance (Janisch and Harmon, 2002;Taylor et al, 2008;Ito, 2012).…”

Section: R Hirata Et Al: Impact Of Climate Variation and Disturbancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of climate variation and disturbances on the carbon balance of forests in Hokkaido, Japan

et al. 2014

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Abstract. We evaluated the long-term (52-year) effect of climate, disturbance, and subsequent recovery on the carbon balance of cool temperate forests by using the processbased ecosystem model VISIT. The study sites were artificial larch forests planted after clear-cutting of mixed forest in Hokkaido, Japan. The model was validated, scenarios were computed, and a sensitivity analysis was performed. First, we performed a baseline simulation of carbon dynamics and compared these values with those observed across a wide range of stand ages (old mixed forest and young and middle-aged larch forests). Second, we ran scenarios to investigate how disturbance and several climate factors affect long-term carbon fluxes. Third, we analyzed the sensitivity of carbon balance to the amount of disturbance-generated tree biomass residues. By taking into account seasonal variation in the understory leaf area index, which played an important role, especially in the initial stage of recovery, the simulated net ecosystem production (NEP), gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and biomass for the three types of forest were consistent with observed values (mean ± SD of R 2 of monthly NEP, GPP and RE for the three types of forest were 0.63 ± 0.26, 0.93 ± 0.07, 0.94 ± 0.2, respectively). The effect of disturbances such as clear-cutting, land-use conversion, and thinning on the long-term trend of NEP was larger than that of climate variation, even 50 years after clearcutting. In contrast, interannual variation in the carbon balance was primarily driven by climate variation. These findings indicate that disturbance controlled the long-term trend of the carbon balance, whereas climate factors controlled yearly variation in the carbon balance. Among the meteorological factors considered, temperature and precipitation were the main ones that affected NEP and its interannual variation. The carbon balance in the initial post-disturbance period, which is strongly affected by the amount of residues, influenced the subsequent long-term carbon budget, implying the importance of residue management. Consequently, carbon release just after disturbance and the length of the recovery period required to balance the carbon budget are controlled by the amount of residues.

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Section: R Hirata Et Al: Impact Of Climate Variation and Disturbancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of climate variation and disturbances on the carbon balance of forests in Hokkaido, Japan

et al. 2014

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“…Details of the eddy-covariance systems are given in Barr et al (2006). Data gaps were filled using a standard procedure (Amiro et al, 2006).…”

Section: Berms Site Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The incorporation of an organic soil layer in the Noah-MP land surface model and its evaluation over a boreal aspen forest

Chen

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. A thick top layer of organic matter is a dominant feature in boreal forests and can impact land-atmosphere interactions. In this study, the multi-parameterization version of the Noah land surface model (Noah-MP) was used to investigate the impact of incorporating a forest-floor organic soil layer on the simulated surface energy and water cycle components at the BERMS Old Aspen site (OAS) field station in central Saskatchewan, Canada. Compared to a simulation without an organic soil parameterization (CTL), the Noah-MP simulation with an organic soil (OGN) improved Noah-MP-simulated soil temperature profiles and soil moisture at 40-100 cm, especially the phase and amplitude (Seasonal cycle) of soil temperature below 10 cm. OGN also enhanced the simulation of sensible and latent heat fluxes in spring, especially in wet years, which is mostly related to the timing of spring soil thaw and warming. Simulated top-layer soil moisture is better in OGN than that in CTL. The effects of including an organic soil layer on soil temperature are not uniform throughout the soil depth and are more prominent in summer. For drought years, the OGN simulation substantially modified the partitioning of water between direct soil evaporation and vegetation transpiration. For wet years, the OGN-simulated latent heat fluxes are similar to CTL except for the spring season when OGN produced less evaporation, which was closer to observations. Including organic soil produced more subsurface runoff and resulted in much higher runoff throughout the freezing periods in wet years.

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“…It has also clarified the impacts of stand age upon carbon sequestration (Wirth et al, 2002;Knohl et al, 2003;Paw U et al, 2004;Amiro et al, 2006;Luyssaert et al, 2008), with findings challenging the traditional ecological paradigm that mature forests no longer achieve manifest net sequestration of atmospheric CO 2 (Jarvis et al, 1989). However, there are still many questions regarding controls on carbon sequestration, and a requirement to provide accurate estimates to be used to parameterise and/or validate ecosystem models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide fluxes over an ancient broadleaved deciduous woodland in southern England

et al. 2011

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Abstract.We present results from a study of canopyatmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide from 2007 to 2009 above a site in Wytham Woods, an ancient temperate broadleaved deciduous forest in southern England. Gapfilled net ecosystem exchange (NEE) data were partitioned into gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (R e ) and analysed on daily, monthly and annual timescales. Over the continuous 24 month study period annual GPP was estimated to be 21.1 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 and R e to be 19.8 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 ; net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was 1.2 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 . These estimates were compared with independent bottom-up estimates derived from net primary productivity (NPP) and flux chamber measurements recorded at a plot within the flux footprint in 2008 (GPP = 26.5 ± 6.8 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 , R e = 24.8 ± 6.8 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 , biomass increment = ∼1.7 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 ). Over the two years the difference in seasonal NEP was predominantly caused by changes in ecosystem respiration, whereas GPP remained similar for equivalent months in different years. Although solar radiation was the largest influence on daily values of CO 2 fluxes (R 2 = 0.53 for the summer months for a linear regression), variation in R e appeared to be driven by temperature. Our findings suggest that this ancient woodland site is currently a substantial sink for carbon, resulting from continued growth that is probably a legacy of past management practices abandoned over 40 years ago. Our GPP and R e values are generally higher than other broadleaved temperate deciduous woodlands and may represent the influence of the UK's maritime climate, or the particular species composition of this site. The carbon sink value of Wytham Woods Correspondence to: Y. Malhi (yadvinder.malhi@ouce.ox.ac.uk) supports the protection and management of temperate deciduous woodlands (including those managed for conservation rather than silvicultural objectives) as a strategy to mitigate atmospheric carbon dioxide increases.

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Carbon, energy and water fluxes at mature and disturbed forest sites, Saskatchewan, Canada

Cited by 294 publications

References 43 publications

The impact of climate variation and disturbances on the carbon balance of forests in Hokkaido, Japan

The impact of climate variation and disturbances on the carbon balance of forests in Hokkaido, Japan

The incorporation of an organic soil layer in the Noah-MP land surface model and its evaluation over a boreal aspen forest

Carbon dioxide fluxes over an ancient broadleaved deciduous woodland in southern England

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