Carbon emissions predicting and decoupling analysis based on the PSO-ELM combined prediction model: evidence from Chongqing Municipality, China

Abstract

Since the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals was included into the ecological civilization construction system, every province and city in China have been actively released their local the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality plans for the "14th Five-Year Plan". To address the problems of slow updating of carbon emission data and low accuracy of traditional forecasting models, this paper used data from Chongqing, China, to conduct a study on the subject. this paper measured carbon emissions according to the IPCC method and assessing the development process of resources and environment by means of decoupling analysis. The important factors in uencing carbon emissions are selected by the grey correlation method, and the scenario forecast indicators are constructed according to the relevant policy documents of Chongqing, and the important factors and the consumption of coal, oil and natural gas are taken as the inputs of a single forecast model. The following conclusions were obtained: by comparison, the PSO-ELM model is the best model for predicting carbon emissions in Chongqing. The following conclusions were obtained: the combined PSO-ELM prediction model has lower prediction error and higher accuracy, and is more suitable for carbon emission research. The prediction results show that the carbon emissions in Chongqing during the "14th Five-Year Plan" still maintain upward trend, but the growth rate has slowed down compared with 1998-2018, and the carbon emissions tend to stabilize. Overall, there is a weak decoupling between carbon emissions and GDP in Chongqing from 1998 to 2025.

Analysis of influencing factors of industrial green and low-carbon transformation under the background of “double carbon”: evidence from Sichuan province, China

“…Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a classical heuristic algorithm whose basic idea is to use the sharing of information by individuals in a population to produce an evolutionary process from disorder to order in the solution space to obtain the optimal solution to the problem. As the prediction accuracy of the ELM model is affected by the weights and thresholds, the use of PSO to optimize the weights and thresholds can improve the prediction accuracy of the ELM model (Liu et al, 2023).…”