Carbon Emissions and Neutralization in Forestry Ecosystems: Effects on Urbanization, Water Resources, and Forestry Symbiosis 

Abstract

Human urbanization affects the conservation and development of water and forestry resources in urbanized areas, which can, in turn, affect human urbanization. At the same time, there is also an interactive relationship between water resources and forest systems and urbanization, water resources and forestry systems coexist and influence one another. The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively study the interactive symbiosis mechanism of urbanization, water resources, and forestry systems and to provide a research basis for the optimization of the symbiosis system. In order to achieve the research objective, an evaluation index system is established for urbanization, water resources, and forestry development; a symbiotic system model is constructed for urbanization, water resources, and forestry with the help of a 3D Lotka-Volterra (LV) model; and the symbiotic mechanism of the three systems is analyzed with the data of provincial-level regions of mainland China from 2012 to 2021 as a research sample. The study has found that the symbiotic system of urbanization, water resources, and forestry in China’s provincial regions is characterized by significant heterogeneity that a comprehensive and synergistic evolutionary pattern has not yet been achieved through the three-dimensional system, and the level of sustainable development of the system needs to be improved. The study has also measured the data envelopment analysis (DEA) efficiency values, input redundancy, and output insufficiency in different regions and proposed measures to improve the efficiency of the symbiosis in different regions based on the results of the analysis of the input-output efficiency of the symbiosis system using the DEA method. The study measures the carbon emission effects of urbanization, water resources, and forestry symbiotic systems, and finds that most provincial-level regions in China have insufficient carbon emission reduction effects.