Carbon Dynamics of Pinus palustris Ecosystems Following Drought

Starr, Gregory; Staudhammer, Christina L.; Wiesner, Susanne; Kunwor, Sujit; Loescher, Henry W.; Barón, Andrés Felipe; Whelan, Andrew W.; Mitchell, Robert J.; Boring, Lindsay R.

doi:10.3390/f7050098

Cited by 28 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…For example, the heat waves in the spring might not have a significant impact on forest carbon uptake in spring, but might induce GEP decline by reducing the leaf area in a DBF (Xie et al, ). Although our analysis helps to quantify short‐term impact of extremes (over 15 days time frame), it suggests that more long‐term data are needed to quantify the lag effect of climate extremes and how forest carbon fluxes recover from the heat and drought stress (Starr et al, ). The daily carbon fluxes and climate anomalies in this study can be further used to quantitatively examine how climate extremes in different season determine the annual carbon balance in forest ecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variability of forest sensitivity to heat and drought stresses: A synthesis based on carbon fluxes from North American forest ecosystems

Arain

Black

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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Climate extremes such as heat waves and droughts are projected to occur more frequently with increasing temperature and an intensified hydrological cycle. It is important to understand and quantify how forest carbon fluxes respond to heat and drought stress. In this study, we developed a series of daily indices of sensitivity to heat and drought stress as indicated by air temperature (Ta) and evaporative fraction (EF). Using normalized daily carbon fluxes from the FLUXNET Network for 34 forest sites in North America, the seasonal pattern of sensitivities of net ecosystem productivity (NEP), gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) in response to Ta and EF anomalies were compared for different forest types. The results showed that warm temperatures in spring had a positive effect on NEP in conifer forests but a negative impact in deciduous forests. GEP in conifer forests increased with higher temperature anomalies in spring but decreased in summer. The drought‐induced decrease in NEP, which mostly occurred in the deciduous forests, was mostly driven by the reduction in GEP. In conifer forests, drought had a similar dampening effect on both GEP and RE, therefore leading to a neutral NEP response. The NEP sensitivity to Ta anomalies increased with increasing mean annual temperature. Drier sites were less sensitive to drought stress in summer. Natural forests with older stand age tended to be more resilient to the climate stresses compared to managed younger forests. The results of the Classification and Regression Tree analysis showed that seasons and ecosystem productivity were the most powerful variables in explaining the variation of forest sensitivity to heat and drought stress. Our results implied that the magnitude and direction of carbon flux changes in response to climate extremes are highly dependent on the seasonal dynamics of forests and the timing of the climate extremes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variability of forest sensitivity to heat and drought stresses: A synthesis based on carbon fluxes from North American forest ecosystems

Arain

Black

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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“…, Starr et al. ). For example, savanna ecosystems were shown to exhibit different responses to drought, even within the same region (Starr et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For example, savanna ecosystems were shown to exhibit different responses to drought, even within the same region (Starr et al. ). This finding has been linked to variations in soil water‐holding capacity, which in turn has led to variations in plant functional types among sites (Vaughn et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of understory phenology and productivity in the carbon dynamics of longleaf pine savannas

et al. 2019

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Savanna ecosystems contribute ~30% of global net primary production (NPP), but they vary substantially in composition and function, specifically in the understory, which can result in complex responses to environmental fluctuations. We tested how understory phenology and its contribution to ecosystem productivity within a longleaf pine ecosystem varied at two ends of a soil moisture gradient (mesic and xeric). We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the understory and ecosystem productivity estimates from eddy covariance systems to understand how variation in the understory affected overall ecosystem recovery from disturbances (drought and fire). We found that the mesic site recovered more rapidly from the disturbance of fire, compared to the xeric site, indicated by a faster increase in NDVI. During drought, understory NDVI at the xeric site decreased less compared to the mesic site, suggesting adaptation to lower soil moisture conditions. Our results also show large variation within savanna ecosystems in the contribution of the understory to ecosystem productivity and recovery, highlighting the critical need to further subcategorize global savanna ecosystems by their structural features, to accurately predict their contribution to global estimates of NPP.

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“…Flux data screening was applied to eliminate 30-min fluxes of NEE, H and LE, resulting from systematic errors as described in Whelan et al (2013) and Starr et al (2016). Such errors encompassed (amongst other things): rain, poor coupling of the canopy and the atmosphere (defined by the friction velocity, ustar), and excessive variation from half-hourly means.…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Missing half hourly data were gap-filled using separate functions for day and night as described in Whelan et al (2013) and 5 Starr et al (2016).…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying energy use efficiency via maximum entropy production: A case study from longleaf pine ecosystems

Wiesner¹,

Staudhammer²,

Stoy³

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Global ecosystems vary in their function, and therefore resilience to disturbance, as a result of their location on Earth, structure, and anthropogenic legacy. Resilience can therefore be difficult to describe solely based on energy 10 partitioning, as it fails to effectively describe how ecosystems use available resources, such as soil moisture. Maximum entropy production (MEP) has been shown to be a better metric to describe these differences as it relates energy use efficiencies of ecosystems to the availability of resources. We studied three sites in a longleaf pine ecosystem with varying levels of anthropogenic legacy and biodiversity, all of which were exposed to extreme drought. We quantified their resilience from radiative, metabolic and overall MEP ratios. Sites with anthropogenic legacy had ~10% lower overall and 15 metabolic energy use efficiency compared to more biodiverse sites. This resulted in lower resilience and a delay in recovery from drought by ~1 year. Additionally, a set of entropy ratios to determine metabolic and overall energy use efficiency explained more clearly site-specific ecosystem function, whereas the radiative entropy budget gave more insights about structural complexities at the sites. Our study provides foundational evidence of how MEP can be used to determine resiliency across ecosystems globally. 20

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Carbon Dynamics of Pinus palustris Ecosystems Following Drought

Cited by 28 publications

References 63 publications

Seasonal variability of forest sensitivity to heat and drought stresses: A synthesis based on carbon fluxes from North American forest ecosystems

Seasonal variability of forest sensitivity to heat and drought stresses: A synthesis based on carbon fluxes from North American forest ecosystems

The role of understory phenology and productivity in the carbon dynamics of longleaf pine savannas

Quantifying energy use efficiency via maximum entropy production: A case study from longleaf pine ecosystems

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