Carbon dynamics and budget in a Zoysia japonica grassland, central Japan

Dhital, Deepa; Yashiro, Yuichiro; Ohtsuka, Toshiyuki; Noda, Hibiki; Shizu, Yoko; Koizumi, Hiroshi

doi:10.1007/s10265-009-0289-6

Cited by 27 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…These measurement data from Satomura et al (2006) could support the suggestion by Lee et al (2005). On the other hand, the seasonal changes in root respiration and root biomass at our grassland site (site Z) were reported by Dhital et al (2010). They found that the root respiration was highest in September, and suggested that this was caused by the increased root activity associated with higher below-ground biomass productivity.…”

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confidence: 85%

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Seasonal variability of soil respiration in multiple ecosystems under the same physical–geographical environmental conditions in central Japan

Inoue

Nagai

Inoue

et al. 2012

Forest Science and Technology

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supporting

confidence: 85%

“…These sites were located within about 1 km of each other at about 1400 m above sea level. Site Q and site Z were described in detail by Ohtsuka et al (2005Ohtsuka et al ( , 2009 and Dhital et al (2010), respectively. We established a 20 m 6 20 m experimental area at each site.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variability of soil respiration in multiple ecosystems under the same physical–geographical environmental conditions in central Japan

Inoue

Nagai

Inoue

et al. 2012

Forest Science and Technology

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“…; Dhital et al . ; Toma et al . ) and comparable to those obtained in an intensively managed grassland without manure application (Shimizu et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal carbon dynamics and the effects of manure application on carbon budget of a managed grassland in a temperate, humid region in Japan

et al. 2014

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We conducted a field experiment from 2004 to 2007 in a temperate, humid region in Japan to investigate seasonal carbon dynamics and their interaction with vegetation. We also examined the effect of composted livestock manure application on the carbon budget in an intensively managed grassland. Two experimental plots were established for the study: one receiving only chemical fertilizer and the other receiving composted cattle manure and supplementary chemical fertilizer. Carbon dioxide flux was measured continuously using the eddy covariance technique, and net ecosystem production (NEP) and net biome production (NBP) were evaluated. We found that the seasonal variations of carbon dynamics were affected not only by climatic conditions but also by vegetation. NEP during the first crop increased rapidly to a high value, which resulted in positive cumulative NEP. In contrast, cumulative NEP during the second to the fourth crop and during winter was only slightly positive or even negative. Thus, NEP during the first crop made a significant contribution to annual NEP. It also occupied an important place in annual NBP via carbon stock into the belowground biomass. The different fertilization regimes between the plots resulted in no significant differences in harvest or NEP on an annual basis. However, the chemically fertilized grassland plot lost carbon, whereas the plot receiving composted cattle manure and supplementary chemical fertilizer accumulated carbon. These results suggest that manure application results in sustainable grassland management enhancing carbon sequestration.

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“…Studies on soil respiration have been made in East Asia 14, 15, but there have been comparatively fewer research reports in the Loess plateau of China, especially in the eastern part of the plateau. As the second largest geographic unit in China, the plateau is characterized by its non‐uniform land cover.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of a trauma‐focused treatment approach for travel phobia

Jongh

Holmshaw²,

Carswell³

et al. 2011

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Despite its prevalence and potential impact on functioning, there are surprisingly little data regarding the treatment responsiveness of travel phobia. The purpose of this non-randomized study was to evaluate the usefulness of a trauma-focused treatment approach for travel phobia, or milder travel anxiety arising as a result of a Road Traffic Accident (RTA). Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT), and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing were used to treat a sample of 184 patients who were referred to a psychological rehabilitation provider.Patients in both treatment groups were encouraged to encounter their feared objects and situations between sessions. Specific (i.e. travel) phobia was diagnosed in 57% of cases. Patients in both treatment conditions showed equally large, and clinically significant, decreases in symptoms as indexed by three validated measures (Impact of Event Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and General Health Questionnaire), therapist ratings of treatment outcome, and a return to driving or travelling by car or motorbike. These improvements were obtained within an average course of 7.3 sessions of one hour each. Patients with travel phobia responded with a greater reduction of anxiety and PTSD symptoms than those with milder travel anxiety. Passengers reported higher levels of trauma symptoms than drivers, but no difference in effectiveness of treatment was found between these groups. The results suggest that trauma-focused psychological interventions can be a treatment alternative for patients with travel anxiety. Given the seriousness of the clinical problems related to RTAs more rigorous outcome research is warranted and needed.3 Key Practitioner Message:• As the literature on the treatment of travel phobia is largely limited to small-n studies, this is the largest naturalistic outcome study of the treatment of patients with fear and avoidance of travel, subsequent to a traumatic event, to date.• Travel phobia following RTAs should be regarded as a treatable psychological condition requiring a limited number of sessions. In a significant minority of cases the condition is unlikely to remit spontaneously, potentially disrupting occupational, social and personal adjustment• Besides a purely exposure, in vivo based approach, a mainly trauma-focused approach such as imagery exposure or EMDR can be an effective intervention for both travel phobia and milder forms of travel anxiety, and for both drivers and passengers.

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Carbon dynamics and budget in a Zoysia japonica grassland, central Japan

Cited by 27 publications

References 63 publications

Seasonal variability of soil respiration in multiple ecosystems under the same physical–geographical environmental conditions in central Japan

Seasonal variability of soil respiration in multiple ecosystems under the same physical–geographical environmental conditions in central Japan

Seasonal carbon dynamics and the effects of manure application on carbon budget of a managed grassland in a temperate, humid region in Japan

Usefulness of a trauma‐focused treatment approach for travel phobia

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